JOURNAL

ARTICLE
PRESENTATION
Maj Mercy Jacob
TITLE OF THE STUDY

Self-Reported Anger: Vulnerability for Risky

Behaviors in Two-Wheeler Riding Young Men
 SOURCE
• Indian journal of
Psychological medicine
• Volume-41
• Issue- 4
• Published in Jul/ Aug
2019
 JOURNAL

• Indian Journal of Psychological

Medicine(ISSN:print 0253-717) started 1978
• Its a peer reviewed open access journal
• Published by Indian Psychiatric society
• Its published bimonthly
 SCImago
journal rank
 Se

Authors
• Rajesh kumar
• Paulomi sudhir
• Rajeev j micheal
• Manoj k sharma
• Seema mehrotra
• Neelima chakrabarty
BACKGROUND
 NEED FOR THE STUDY

• Most vulnerable group is 17 to 35 yrs

• Aggressive driving or driver aggression most
common contributing factor
• Researches based on exploring drivers anger and its
contribution to aggressive driving in two wheeler
driving young men is limited
• Limited studies on road rage
 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
• Self-Reported Anger: Vulnerability for Risky
Behaviours in Two-Wheeler Riding Young Men
 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE
STUDY

• Aggressive driving and road accidents are major

concerns in the public health sector.
• This study aimed to explore risk to aggressive and
risky behaviours on the road in two-wheeler riding
young men.
 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

• Aggressive driving
• Anger
• Negative mood regulation
• Road rage 
• Two-wheeler riding
 ASSUMPTION &
HYPOTHESIS
• Not mentioned
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

• Not mentioned.
 STUDY SETTING

• Nine colleges, including government and

private colleges from Bengaluru city.
 STUDY POPULATION

• Young male two-wheeler riders,

undergraduate and postgraduate students,
from nine colleges, including governmental
and private colleges of Bengaluru
• Aged 17 to 26 years
 RESEARCH APPROACH
• Sampling
• Convenient sampling method
• Sampling frame young males
• Sample size -433
 Inclusion & Exclusion criteria

• Inclusion criteria
• -17 to 26 yrs males
• Students

• Exclusion
 RESEARCH VARIABLES

• Dependent variable : risky behaviour in two

wheeler driving young men

• Independent variables :two wheeler riding

young men
TOOL AND DATA COLLECTION
Considering the non availability of tool in Indian
context a two wheeler riding survey was developed

Construction was on basis of 3 focus group

discussion that involved college students

Rol was done

 TOOL AND DATA COLLECTION
Cont…
• Content validation by 3 mental health professionals
with more than 15 years of experience

• Thus survey was finalized consisting of various

aspects related to 2 wheeler riding
 Questionares
1. Problem in general was assessed by discreet
response item
2. Provocability to anger on road and difficulty to
control anger while riding was assessed using likert
scale
3. Response to frustrating situation on road was
assessed by 11 items again with a likert scale
4. Perceived factor for riding faster than usual
5. Negative mood regulation efficacy
 Validity of tool
• face validity by 3 experts with more than 15 yr
clinical experience
• Cronbach’s alpha- 0.75/0.87
 ETHICAL CLEARANCE
• Ethical clearance was obtained from institution
ethical committee
• Permission for sampling was taken from head of
the college
• Written informed consent was obtained from all
participants
 STUDY METHOD
• An exploratory type of study
• Self made and validated tool and a standardized
tool was used
• Independent t test Chi square, Mann Whitney
rank U test was applied for inferential statistics
 Data analysis
• Data entry :Microsoft excel worksheet

• Analysis :SPSS Version 16

• Descriptive analysis for socio demographic data

:Mean, Standard deviations
Proportions
• Most participants were undergraduates
344(79.6%)
• Participants had more than 5 years of two
wheeler riding experience with a mean of
4.62 years
• Majority (82%)reported driving almost daily
 Sample characteristics
400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
Category 1 Category 2

Series 1 Column1
Problematic anger in general

yes no don’t know

Problematic anger present group

Problematic anger absent group

 Self-report of Provocability to anger and difficulty in
managing anger on the road

Anger Anger absent

present
High 40% 9%
Provocability
High difficulty 39.6% 11%
in managing
anger
Expression of anger to frustrations on the road while
riding

• Significant difference between the two groups with p<0.001

• Angry looks
• Speeding up
• Physical fights
• Revenge
• Aggressive gestures
•
Perceived factors associated with riding fast than usual

• Relief from boredom

• Relief from upset
• Sense of power and control
• Sense of joy
• Relief from anger
• P<0.001
 Negative mood regulation efficacy

• Lower efficacy in problematic anger present group(rank of

90.56)
• Used Shapiro Wilk test and Mann Whitney u test
• P=0.01
 limitations
• A single item was used for dividing the sample into
problematic anger-present group and problematic anger-
absent group
• The study excluded 40% of the sample who reported
“cannot say” on this item. 
• The instrument used has not been validated except for
face validation, and the psychometric properties are not
known.
• The study was limited to college-going youth in an urban
context.
 Strength of the study
• The study has several implications for future
research and practice.
 Comparison
• Many studies have been done
• A study in china reveals risky behaviour among
youth two wheeler riders of not wearing helmets
while driving
• DISTRACTED DRIVING IN INDIA A STUDY ON MOBILE
PHONE USAGE, PATTERN & BEHAVIOUR
 Recommendation
• The study has several implications for future
research and practice.