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PVC STABILIZER
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01 Backgoround and Goal
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02 General Mechanism
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03 Project
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04
 PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) tion Break
Thermoplastic Polymer with has vinyl chloride monomers

PVC Production Calsium carbide Acetylene

HCl VC

Petroleum/natural gas Ethylene

PVC
Temperatures range (50 - 70)0c and pressure range 7 - 12 barr
 K value (Polyvinyl Chloride) tion Break
K value : simple reference value for the average chain lenght of the polymer
Note :
- The shorter average chain lenght the smaller K value
- K value of PVC decrease with increased polymerization temperature and
pressure
-The higher K value, the more viscous and tough the melt, the harder and
stiffer the resulting product( profile, pipe, film), the more energy will be
needed for processing and the closer will be to the degradation temperature
of PVC

K-value is related to molecular weight of the polymer weight chains

 K value (Polyvinyl Chloride) tion canBreak
be processed
K 70 - 74 plasticed (flexibel) PVC (p-PVC/PVC-P)
K 54 -68 unplasticized (u-PVC/PVC-U) without additive

E-PVC : PVC process with emulsifiers additive (alkyl sulfonates, alkyl

sulfates, ammonium sulfates of fatty acid)
S-PVC : PVC process with suspending agents (polyvinyl alcohol or
water-soluble cellulossa
 tion Break

Additive veBreak
Heat Stabilizer
 Thermal Degradation Mechanism of PVC Break
The most important defects may occur :

1. Tertiary chlorine atoms which results from branch formation

during polymerization
2. allylic chlorine atom wich form for example by termination of
the polymerization reaction
 oxygen
Thermal Degradation Mechanism of PVC Breakautocatalytic
Degradation of PVC dehydrochlorination

Air, light, weather HCl & conjugated double bond

discolorati onium salt

on Polyene sequence
(holocormi
sm) Slight Yellow - Yellow - red - brown - black

Stabilizer : 1. Subtitution of labile chlorine atoms

2. Shortening of polyene sequences
3. Netralization HCl
4. prevention autooxidation
 Heat Stabilizer

Heat Stabilizer based on :

• metal free, organic compound
• alkaline earth metal (mainly
calcium and barium) in
combination with cadmium or
zink salt (mix-metal stabilizer)
• organotin compound
• rare earth metal salt (mainly
based on lanthanum)
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