GENERALIZATION

&
SPECIALIZATION
Name: Adeel Arshed,
Muhammad Bilal Rafiq

I’D: F2017356040,
F2017356004
ER MODEL IN DBMS

 Entity + Relationship + Model

 The ER Model was developed by “ Peter
Chen” in 1976.
 ER model is a visual representation of
data that describe How data is relate to
each other.
BASIC TERMINOLOGY OF ER
MODEL
The main components of E-R model are;
 Entity
 Attribute
 Relationship
BASIC TERMINOLOGY OF ER
MODEL
ENTITY
 A entity is a “Thing” or “Object” in a real
world.
 An entity may contains attributes, which
describe to that entity.
For example
 Student
 College
TYPES OF ENTITY

1. Strong Entity
2. Weak Entity
ATTRIBUTE
 Attribute are the properties of an entity,
which describe characteristics of an that
entity.
Types of attribute:
1. Simple and Composite
2. Single and Multivalued value
3. Stored and Derived
E-R DIAGRAM WITH MULTIVALUED
AND DERIVED ATTRIBUTES:
RELATIONSHIP
A relationship is represented by diamond
shape in ER diagram, it shows the
relationship among entities.
There are four types of relationships:
1. One to One
2. One to Many
3. Many to One
4. Many to Many
GENERALIZATION
 Generalization use bottom-up approach
where two or more lower level entities
combine together to from a higher level
new entity.
 Generalized class are called superclass.