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Making A Difference One Watt at A Time
Making A Difference One Watt at A Time
Solar
Energy
Earth’s Temperature
Sun
Solar Radiation
Cooling
Energy
Earth’s Temperature
Sun
Solar
Radiation
Cooling
Energy
Earth’s Temperature
Sun
Solar
Radiation
Energy Cooling
Sun Greenhouse Effect
Earth’s Atmospheric Gases
Nitrogen (N2)
Non-
Greenhouse
Gases
Oxygen (O2)
99%
Water (H2O)
Greenhouse
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Gases
1%
Methane (CH4)
The U.S. emits about 6.4 billion metric 6.4 billion metric tons
tons of greenhouse gases annually, 25% CO2/yr
of the world’s total.
Total
7 Liquid fuel
6 Solid fuel
Gas fuel
5
4
3
2
1
0
1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000
Year
Annual
8
Carbon (109 metric tons)
Carbon Emissions
Annual carbon emissions
Atmospheric CO2
6 Atmospheric CO2 average
0
1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005
Year
Future Carbon Dioxide
Levels
• Increasing CO2 emissions, especially
in China and developing countries
• Likely to double within 150 years:
– Increased coal usage
– Increased natural gas usage
– Decreased petroleum usage (increased
cost and decreasing supply)
Households are Big Contributors to Climate Change
• Vehicles
• Home Heating
• Electricity
So how can each of us slow
global warming now?
Reduce our consumption of fossil fuels
(
Average Electricity Emission
Factors
Region/State CO2 lb/kWh CO2 tons/MWh CO2 Metric tons/MWh CH4 lbs/MWh NO2 lbs/MWh
South Atlantic 1.35 0.674 0.612 0.0127 0.0207
North Carolina 1.24 0.621 0.563 0.0105 0.0203
Virginia 1.16 0.582 0.528 0.0137 0.0192
West Virginia 1.98 0.998 0.897 0.0137 0.0316
Kitchen Light Fixture
Watts Kilowatt
Watts hours /
Used Watts Used
hours / year
(Wattage (#3) x Total
Wattage # of Hours used year (1000Wh =
x number Hours/day
of the bulbs bulbs per day (#5 x 365 1kWh)
of bulbs) (#4)
days ) (divide #6
by 1000)
54 x 10 197,100
(CFL bulbs) 18 x3 540x365
18 W 3
10 hours a 197,100
1000
bulbs 540
day Wh/day
54 W Wh/day 197.1
kWh/yr
3 BULB REPLACEMENT EMISSION
and COSTCOMPARISON
INCANDESCENT vs. COMPACT FLUORESCENT
Compact Fluorescent s
Incandescents
(CFLs)
Total kWh for 3bulb (#7 from
above)
640.8 kWh 197 kWh
Cost (kWh #7 x $.18) $115.34 $35.46
CO 2 produced @ 1.16 lbs/kWh 743.3 lbs 228.52 lbs
CO2 notemittedby switching 3 bulbs
514.8 lbs
(C O 2 of incandescents - C O 2 of CFLs)
Money saved in energy
$79.88
(Cost incandescents - cost of CFLs)
We can make some simple substitutions
Source: http://www.energystar.gov
Small changes really add up