Mastitis associated with

teat skin opportunistic

pathogens
Coagulase negative staphylococci-includes staph,hyicus, staph.
Epedermidis, staph chromogens
Epidemiology
• Mostly ascending infections through streak canal.
• Cause mild to moderate infections mostly subclinical.
• Treatment- dry cow therapy
Mastitis associated with common
environmental pathogens
• Coliform mastitis –E.coli,Klebsiella and Enterobacter.
Epidemiology
• Dairy cattle housed in total confinement or drylot.
• Causes clinical mastitis rather than subclinical mastitis.
• Source of infection is environment between milkings, during dry
period and prepartum in heifers.
• Sawdust and shavings bedding contaminated with E. coli and
Klebsiella spp. (particularly K. pneumoniae) major source of bacteria;
much worse when wet (rainfall or high humidity).
• Coliform intramammary infection highest during 2 weeks following
drying off and in 2 weeks prior to calving.
• Clinical findings- Peracute coliform mastitis in the cow is a severe disease
characterized by a sudden onset of agalactia and toxemia.
• The affected quarter(s) is usually swollen and warm but not remarkably so,
and for this reason coliform mastitis may be missed on initial clinical
examination.
• The mammary secretion is characteristic, and changes from the consistency
of watery milk initially to a thin, yellow serous fluid containing small meal-
like flakes that are barely visible to the naked eye and are best seen on a
black strip plate used for gross examination of milk.
• Additional quarters may become affected within a day or two of the initial
infection.
• Acute coliform mastitis is characterized by varying degrees of swelling
of the affected gland and variable systemic signs of fever and
inappetence. The secretions of the gland are watery to serous in
consistency and contain flakes.
• Chronic coliform mastitis is characterized by repeated episodes of
subacute mastitis, which cannot be readily clinically distinguished
from other common causes of mastitis.
• Subclinical coliform mastitis is characterized by the presence of
coliform organisms in the milk samples of cows without clinical
evidence of mastitis.
Treatment protocols
• Parenteral antimicrobial agents
• Broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents should be administered parenterally
to cattle with systemic signs of disease (abnormal cow), preferably by the
intravenous route initially, followed by intramuscular administration to
maintain appropriate plasma concentrations.
• The first reason to administer parenteral antibiotics is that the severity of
clinical signs is correlated with the numbers of bacteria in milk from the
affected gland.
• The second main reason to administer parenteral antibiotics is to combat
bacteremia, which is present in 32-48% of severely affected cattle.
Drugs to be used
• Ceftiofur-2.2mg/kg i/m 24 hourly
• Cefquinome-1mg/kg i/m twice 24 hourly with or without
intramammary cefquinome 75 mg three times 12 hourly.
• Enrofloxacin-5mg/kg subcutaneously
• Gentamicin-6.6 mg/kg i/m
• Trimethoprim sulphonamide-trimethoprim(4g) and sulphadiazine(20g)
• Otc-16.5mg/kg i/v for 3-5 days combined with intramammary
cephapirin(200mg).
•.
Intramammary drugs
• Amoxicillin 62.5 mg 12 hourly for 3 milkings
• Cephapirin 200 mg for 2 milking every 12 hourly.
Stripping of affected cattle
• E.coli can be eliminated by milking 12 times daily.
• Oxytocin at 10-20 units i/m followed by hand massage and hourly
stripping of animal results significant removal of bacteria.
• Supportive therapy- ringer lactate 80ml/kg b.w.,or hypertonic saline
for endotoxemia at 4-5 ml/kg b.w. for 4-5 min.
• NSAIDS- ketoprofen 2g i/m per animal
• dexamethasone 0.44 mg/kg and flunixin 2.2 mg/kg ( higher in
lactating cows,as compared to 1.1 mg/kg).
Environmental streptococci
• Etiology Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae spp.
dysgalactiae, other Streptococcus spp. most commonly; occasionally
Enterococcus spp.
• Epidemiology Common cause of subclinical and clinical mastitis in
herds and countries that have controlled contagious mastitis.
• . Rate of infection high during first 2 weeks following drying off and 2
weeks before calving. Duration of infection usually short «8 d).
Treatment protocols
• Intramammary infusions twice 12 hourly with
penicillins,cephalosporins, cloxacillins sufficient
Arcanobacterium pyogenes
• Arcanobacterium pyogenes (formerly Actinomyces pyogenes and
Corynebacterium pyogenes) causes two forms of severe clinical
mastitis: sporadic cases of suppurative mastitis, mostly in housed
cattle, referred to as pyogenes mastitis, and a clinically similar disease
that occurs in outbreaks in cattle during the summer months in
Europe and Scandinavia and is referred to as summer mastitis.
• Epidemiology –
• Important cause of sporadic suppurative mastitis, most common in dry cows or
pregnant heifers. Outbreaks occur in Europe in summer (called summer mastitis)
associated with seasonally active biting flies. Other bacteria (Streptococcus
dysgalactiae and Peptostreptococcus indolicus) may be required to initiate
clinical mastitis.
• Clinical findings Gland is severely swollen and hard, usually only one quarter
affected. Secretion from infected quarters initially watery with clots, later
purulent. Initially severe systemic signs including fever, inappetence, tachycardia,
depression, mortality rate up to 50%. In cattle surviving the initial infection, the
affected quarter becomes abscessed, with drainage of purulent material at base
of the teat.
Treatment protocols
• Responds poor to treatment.
• Affected quarter should be permanently dries using 120 ml 0f 5%
povidine –iodine solution
• THANKS