Types of pathogen

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group 1
Bacteria
 Bacteria
Bacteria are microscopic living organisms, usually one-celled, that can be found
everywhere. They can be dangerous, such as when they cause infection, or beneficial,
as in the process of fermentation (such as in wine) and that of decomposition.


Any of a division (Bacteria) of monerans, microorganisms
which are typically one-celled, have no chlorophyll, multiply
by simple division, and can be seen only with a microscope:
they occur in three main forms, spherical (cocci), rod-shaped
(bacilli), and spiral (spirilla): some bacteria cause diseases
such as pneumonia and anthrax, and others are necessary for
fermentation, nitrogen fixation,
saprophytes
SAPROPHYTES
 Some bacteria digest non living thing food such as
milk and meat
An organism, especially a fungus or bacteri
um, that derives its nourishment from dead
 or decaying organic matter.
Parasite
Parasite
 If the food supply is a living plant or animal , the
microorganism is called parasite.
 an organism that lives in or on another organism (its

host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the host's

expense.
host
Host
In biology, a host is an organism that harbors a parasite,
or a mutual or commensalsymbiont, typically providing
nourishment and shelter. In botany, a host plant is one
that supplies food resources and substrate for certain
insects or other fauna. Examples of such interactions
include a cell being host to a virus, a bean plant hosting
helpful nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and animals as hosts to
parasitic worms, e.g.nematodes.
Toxin bacteria
Toxin bacteria
 Microbial toxins are toxins produced by micro-organisms, including
bacteria and fungi. Microbial toxins promote infection and disease by
directly damaging host tissues and by disabling the immune system.
Some bacterial toxins, such as Botulinum neurotoxins, are the most
potent natural toxins known. However, microbial toxins also have
important uses in medical science and research. Potential
applications of toxin research include combating microbial virulence,
the development of novel anticancer and other medicines, and the use
of toxins as tools in neurobiology and cellular biology.
botulism
botulism
 Botulism is a rare and potentially fatal illness caused by a toxin
produced by the bacteriumC lostridium botulinum. The disease begins
with weakness, trouble seeing, feeling tired, and trouble speaking. This
may then be followed by weakness of the arms, chest muscles, and legs.
The disease does not usually affect consciousness or cause a fever.
 Botulism can occur in a few different ways. The bacterial spores that

cause it are common in both soil and water. They produce botulinum

toxin when exposed to low oxygen levels and certain temperatures.
Food borne botulism happens when food containing the toxin is eaten.
Infant botulism happens when the bacteria develops in the intestines
 and releases toxin. Typically this only happens in children less than six
months of age as after that protective mechanisms develop. Wound
botulism is found most often among those who inject street drugs. In
this situation spores enter a wound and, in the absence of oxygen,
release toxin. It is not passed directly between people.
Resident bacteria
Resident bacteria
 Resident bacteria   
 a very large group of microorganisms compri
sing one of the three domains
of living organisms. They are prokaryotic, uni
cellular, and either free-
living in soil or water or
parasites of plants or animals. 
rickettsiae
rickettsiae
 The rickettsiae are a diverse collection of
obligately intracellular Gram-negative bacteria
found in ticks, lice, fleas, mites, chiggers, and
mammals. They include the genera Rickettsiae,
Ehrlichia, Orientia, andCoxiella. These zoonotic
pathogens cause infections that disseminate in the
blood to many organs.
viruses
virus
 A virus isa small infectious agent that 
replicates only inside the living cells of other
organisms. Viruses can infect all types of 
life forms, from animals and plants to
microorganisms, including bacteria and 
archaea
fungi
fungi
 Fungi can be single celled or very complex multi cellular organisms.
They are found in just about any habitat but most live on the land,
mainly in soil or on plant material rather than in sea or fresh water. A
group called the decomposers grow in the soil or on dead plant matter
where they play an important role in the cycling of carbon and other
elements. Some are parasites of plants causing diseases such as
mildews, rusts, scabs or canker. In crops fungal diseases can lead to
significant monetary loss for the farmer. A very small number of fungi
cause diseases in animals. In humans these include skin diseases such
as athletes’ foot, ringworm and thrush.
protozoa
protozoa
 Protozoa are a varied group of single-celled animal-like organisms belonging to the kingdom
Protista. More than 50,000 different types of protozoa have been described. Their name comes from
two Greek words, protos, or "first," and zoön, or "animal." The vast majority of protozoa are
microscopic, many measuring less than 1/200 millimeter. The largest, however, may reach 3
millimeters (0.1 inch) in length, large enough to be seen with the naked eye. Scientists have even
discovered some fossil specimens that measured 20 millimeters (0.8 inch) in diameter.
 Whatever their size, protozoa are well known for their diversity and the fact that they have evolved
under so many different conditions. One of the basic requirements of all protozoa is the presence of
water. Within this limitation, they may live in the sea; in rivers, lakes, or stagnant ponds of
freshwater; in the soil; and even in decaying matter. Many are solitary organisms, but some live in
groups. Some are free-living, while others are attached to other organisms. Some species are
parasites of plants and animals, ranging from other protozoa to humans. Many protozoa form
complex, exquisite shapes, although their beauty may be overlooked because of their very small size.
Parasitic worm
Parasitic worm
 Parasitic worm: A worm classified as a parasite. (A parasite is a disease-
causing organism that lives on or in a human or another animal and
derives its nourishment from its host.) Lice are examples of parasites that
live on humans; bacteria and viruses are examples of parasites that live
either on humans or in humans; parasitic worms (also called helminths)
live in humans.
 Helminth eggs contaminate food, water, air, feces, pets and wild animals,
and objects such as toilet seats and door handles. The eggs enter the body
of a human through the mouth, the nose and the anus. Once inside the
body, helminth eggs usually lodge in the intestine, hatch, grow and
multiply. They can sometimes infest other body sites.
Round worm
Pin worm
trichinosis
Tape worm
schistosomiasis
fluke