Bacteria

Meaning
-Bacteria are microscopic living organisms, usually one-celled, that can be found everywhere. They can be dangerous,
such as when they cause infection, or beneficial, as in the process of fermentation (such as in wine) and that of
decomposition.
come from?
-Bacteria are found in every habitat on Earth: soil, rock, oceans and even arctic snow. Some live in or on other organisms
including plants and animals including humans. There are approximately 10 times as many bacterial cells as human cells
in the human body.
Prevention
-Practice good hygiene, such as frequent hand washing. Fortify your immune system with healthy foods such as fruits and
vegetables. Avoid close contact with people who are sick with a contagious infection from bacteria. And only take
antibiotics when needed to avoid developing resistance to antibiotics in the future.

Rickettsia

Meaning
-Rickettsia is a genus of nonmotile, Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, highly pleomorphic bacteria that may occur in the
forms of cocci, bacilli, or threads. 
come from?
-Most rickettsial organisms are transmitted by the bites or infectious fluids (such as feces) inoculated into the skins from
ectoparasites such as fleas, lice, mites, and ticks. Inhaling bacteria or inoculating conjunctiva with infectious material may
also result in infection.
Prevention
-There is no vaccine available to prevent infection. Wear long sleeved protective clothing and a broad brimmed hat to
reduce the risk of infection when undertaking activities where human contact with ticks, lice, mites or fleas may occur,
such as bushwalking and camping in infected areas.

Virus

Meaning
-A virus is a biological agent that reproduces inside the cells of living hosts. When infected by a virus, a host cell is forced
to produce thousands of identical copies of the original virus at an extraordinary rate.
come from?
-Viruses may have arisen from mobile genetic elements that gained the ability to move between cells. They may be
descendants of previously free-living organisms that adapted a parasitic replication strategy. Perhaps viruses existed
before, and led to the evolution of, cellular life.
Prevention
- Prevention. The spread of many viral diseases can be prevented by hygienic factors such as efficient sanitation facilities,
effective waste disposal, clean water, and personal cleanliness.

Fungi
 Meaning
A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms
such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, fungi,
which is separate from the other eukaryotic life kingdoms of plants and animals.
come from?
- Fungi. Fungi can be single celled or very complex multicellular organisms. They are found in just about any habitat but
most live on the land, mainly in soil or on plant material rather than in sea or fresh water.
Prevention
- To prevent fungal infections from taking a foothold at home, your best defense is to keep skin clean and dry. Change
underwear and socks daily. Let your sneakers air out and wash them regularly. Take your shoes off at home to expose
your feet to the air.
Protozoa

Meaning
- Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotes (organisms whose cells have nuclei) that commonly show characteristics usually
associated with animals, most notably mobility and heterotrophy. They are often grouped in the kingdom Protista together
with the plant-like algae and fungus-like water molds and slime molds.
come from?
- Protozoa are single celled organisms. They come in many different shapes and sizes ranging from an Amoeba which
can change its shape to Paramecium with its fixed shape and complex structure. They live in a wide variety of moist
habitats including fresh water, marine environments and the soil.
Prevention
 Practice safe sex, using a condom.
 Wash your hands regularly, especially after handling uncooked food or feces.
 Cook food to its recommended internal temperature.
 Drink clean water, including bottled water when you're traveling.
Parasite worm

Meaning
Parasitic worms, also known as helminths, are large macroparasites; adults can generally be seen with the naked eye.
Many are intestinal worms that are soil-transmitted and infect the gastrointestinal tract. Other parasitic worms such as
schistosomes reside in blood vessels
come from?
- A parasite is an organism that lives on or in a host organism and gets its food from or at the expense of its host. There
are three main classes of parasites that can cause disease in humans: protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites.
Prevention
- Keep your pets on monthly year-round parasite preventatives. Take your pet to the veterinarian annually for
routine parasite screenings. Wash your hands after any exposure to soil, sandboxes, and raw meat. Don't let children eat
dirt or food that has fallen to the ground.