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REVIEW
1. STANDARD SENTENCE 1: SUBJECT + INTRANSITIVE VERB
EX: She will go.
2. STANDARD SENTENCE 2: SUBJECT + TRANSITIVE VERB + DIRECT OBJECT
EX: She bought a new car.
3. STANDARD SENTENCE 3: SUBJECT + LINKING VERBS + COMPLEMENT
EX: She looks nice.

Decide what standard sentence are the following sentences

1. They left.
2. We are happy.
3. He learns English.
4. She ran.
5. The river often runs dry in Summer.
6. He runs a very successful company.
7. They went.
8. Everyone goes crazy.
9. My grandmother grows some roses in her garden.
10. My father grows old.
11. My sister got a job.
12. My mother got angry.
13. The cook tastes the food.
14. This chicken tastes delicious.
15. The girls smell the flowers.
16. These orchids smell fragrant.
EXPLANATION – STANDARD SENTENCE 4

There are 2 kinds of objects in SS4: direct object and indirect object.
 A direct object is the receiver of action within a sentence.
 An indirect object indicates to whom for whom or what the action of the verb is performed.

Pattern 1: Subject + Verb + Direct Object + to / for + Indirect Object

Ex: I bought a lot of gifts for my family.

Pattern 2: Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object

Ex: I bought my family a lot of gifts.

Note:

(1) We usually use Pattern 1 instead of pattern 2 if the direct object is a pronoun.

Ex: I gave it to Mary.

Not: I gave Mary it.

(2) We often put the new or more important information at the end of the sentence.

Example
A: Did you give the Grammar book to Peter?
B: No, I gave him the Exercise book.
Or: No, I gave the Grammar book to Jim.
Verbs used in SS4: (V + DO to IO) (V + IO + DO)

TO SEND TO OWE
TO AWARD TO SHOW
TO BRING TO SELL
TO HAND TO TAKE
TO LOAN TO TEACH
TO MAIL TO TELL
TO GIVE TO WRITE
TO OFFER TO LEASE

Verbs used in SS4: (V + DO for IO) (V + IO + DO)

TO BUY TO MAKE
TO COOK TO POUR
EXPLANATION – Standard Sentences 5,6,7
STANDARD SENTENCE 5 – S + V + DO + BI (let, make, have, help)

My dad never lets me use his laptop (to play games).

My friend made me take off my shoes (before I entered her house).
My boss had the secretary call Ms. Jackson (and reconfirm their meeting on Thursday).
My teacher always helps me correct my mistakes in pronunciation.
STANDARD SENTENCE 6 – S + V + DO + Pres.Part. (catch, find, keep, leave, set, start)

The receptionist kept me waiting for an hour.

The police caught him running the red light.
What she said started me thinking.
STANDARD SENTENCE 7 – S + V + DO + BI or Pres.Part. (verbs of perception)

Some verbs of perception are see, look at, watch, observe, notice , hear, listen to, smell,
taste, feel.
They watched the children build / building sand castles.
We heard the door slam shut.
We heard the dog barking outside.
I suddenly felt something brush against my arm.
I felt someone pulling against me.
EXPLANATION : MODIFIERS AND SS8-9
2. Adjectives modify object
 SS8: S + V + O + Adjective
SS9: S + V + O + OC (Object complement)
Ex: He made his father proud. They keep their room tidy.
She considers him her best friend in the world.
Note: verbs usually used in SS8: to make, to keep, to turn, to find
verbs usually used in SS9: to assign, to designate, to appoint, to
consider, to name, to call, to vote, to elect, to choose, to select
EXPLANATION: STANDARD SENTENCE 10-11-12
1. Standard sentence 10: S + V + Gerund

avoid complete finish love postpone start

admit continue forget mention practice suggest
anticipate deny hate mind recollect understand
appreciate delay imagine miss recommend tolerate
advise discuss involve prefer regret stop
begin dislike keep quit risk try
consider enjoy like recall resist urge

Examples:
They denied getting married. She is considering changing her job.
He admitted cheating on the exam. My father quit smoking 3 years ago.
Notes:
Some verbs followed by a gerund or a noun + infinitive
The doctor generally advised drinking low-fat milk.
The doctor advised me to go on a diet.

Some verbs followed by a gerund or an infinitive with a difference in meaning

I remember giving you my book. (you remember after doing the action)
I remember to give you my book. (you remember before doing the action)

Some verbs followed by a gerund or an infinitive with little difference in meaning

I began learning English 5 years ago.
I began to learn English 5 years ago.
EXPLANATION: STANDARD SENTENCE 10-11-12
2. Standard sentence 11:
11A: S + V + Infinitive
agree aim appear arrange claim
decide deserve fail hope learn
manage offer plan promise refuse
seem tend try want need
prepare expect choose intend prefer

Examples:
They agreed to sign the contract. She decided to take a short vacation.
The boy hoped to get a toy from Santa Claus He appears to be nervous before the test.

11B: S + V + TO BE PP OR S + V + GERUNDS (in passive voice)

Examples:
The child needs to be taken care of. The table needs fixing.
No one want to be cheated. This tooth needs filling.

3. Standard sentence 12:

12A: S + V + V + V … (consecutive actions)
Examples:
I got up, brushed my teeth, got dresses, had breakfast and went to work.

12B: S + V + V-ing (simultaneous actions)

Examples:
She lay down on her bed, looking at the ceiling and thinking about her child.