INFRASTUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

(A presentation on DOJ training at TA - Civil, NTPC Singrauli)

Under the guidance of

Mr. G.G. Bardhan
B Tech. Civil (spl. Structures), NIT Jamshedpur
Senior Manager (TA- Civil)

Presented By:
Neetesh Sharma
102228
Munish Garg 102229
The Following Works were assigned to us during
DOJ training in TA-Civil at NTPC Singrauli

1. Infrastructure work in township

 Structural design for physiotherapy department and conference
hall in Sanjeevani hospital, township NTPC singrauli.
 Pilot project: structural design of multi-storey residential
apartments.
2. CSR work
3. Construction/ execution work in township,
including FQA.
Infrastructure work in township
Structural design and development of construction
drawings for physiotherapy department and conference
hall in Sanjeevani hospital, township NTPC singrauli.

 Type of structure: RCC frame

 Type of foundation: shallow
(footings)
 Column sizes
0.3 x 0.45
0.45 x 0.45
 Beam sizes
0.3 x 0.5(main first floor)
0.3 x 0.45(main roof)
0.3 x 0.4(secondary first floor)
0.3 x 0.3(secondary roof)
 A

Plan (typical)
A
Elevation
Side view Section A-A
Load Definition :
Seismic Load
Parameter Value
Zone III (0.16)
Importance factor 1.5
Response Reduction factor 3
Rock and soil site factor 1
Damping ratio 0.05
Time Period in x direction 0.29
Time Period in z direction 0.46

Basic load case details

 Dead Load
 Live load
 Earthquake load in x direction
 Earthquake load in z direction
 Load Combinations
1.2(DL+LL+EQZ+0.
3EQX) 1.2(DL+LL+EQZ-
1.5(DL+LL) -1.5EQZ+0.9DL 0.3EQX)
1.2(DL+LL+EQX+0. 1.5(DL-EQZ- 1.2(DL+LL+EQX-
1.5(DL+EQX) 3EQZ) 0.3EQX) 0.3EQZ)
0.9DL+1.5(EQX+0. 1.5(DL-EQX- 0.9DL+1.5(EQX-
1.5(DL+EQZ) 3EQZ) 0.3EQZ) 0.3EQZ)
0.9DL+1.5(EQZ+0. 1.2(DL+LL-EQZ- 0.9DL+1.5(EQZ-
1.2(DL+LL+EQX) 3EQX) 0.3EQX) 0.3EQX)
1.2(DL+LL-EQX- 1.5(DL-
1.2(DL+LL+EQZ) 1.5(DL-EQX) 0.3EQZ) EQZ+0.3EQX)
0.9DL- 1.5(DL-EQX-
0.9DL+1.5EQX 1.5(DL-EQZ) 1.5(EQX+0.3EQZ) 0.3EQZ)
0.9DL- 1.2(DL+LL-
1.5EQZ+0.9DL 1.2(DL+LL-EQX) 1.5(EQZ+0.3EQX) EQZ+0.3EQX)
1.5(DL+EQZ+0.3E 1.5(DL+EQZ- 1.2(DL+LL-
QX) 1.2(DL+LL-EQZ) 0.3EQX) EQX+0.3EQZ)
1.5(DL+EQX+0.3E 1.5(DL+EQX- 0.9DL+1.5(-
QZ) 0.9DL-1.5EQX 0.3EQZ) EQX+0.3EQZ)
Analysis
Staad Pro was used to analyze the structure for the previously listed load
combinations. The steps involved in the analysis of the structure using
the computer package are as follows:
1. Modelling the structure
2. Defining Loadings
3. Performing analysis and interpreting results.

Design and Detailing

RCC design and detailing of reinforcement bars was done manually
according to the indian standards using the analysis results from the
computer package.
Sampled design results for the structure are follows.
DETAIL OF REINFORCEMENT FOR FIRST FLOOR
BEAMS

3
A B C D E F

Beam Name 1 2 3 4 5
Bar Bar Bar Bar Bar Shear (2 legged
n#dia n#dia n#dia n#dia n#dia
len len len len len stirrups)
B1AE 5m x 3 2.3m
spans(5,5,5,2.3
) 2#16 17.54 2#16 23.15 2#20 2.83 2#20 7.73 2#16 18
0.3x0.5 8 @300 10 @130

B2AF 17.3m 2.7m

spans(17.3,2.7
2#12 20.24 2#20 24.95 2#20 2.93 2#20 2.23 3#20 20.7
)
0.3x0.4 8 @250 8 @250

B3AF 5m x 5
spans(5,5,5,5) 2#16 20.24 2#16 26.65 2#20 3.5 2#20 8.4 2#16 20.7 8 @300
0.3x0.5

Continued…
 1

3
A B C D E F
Beam Name 1 2 3 4 5
Bar Bar Bar Bar Bar Shear (2 legged
n#dia n#dia n#dia n#dia n#dia
len len len len len stirrups)
BA13 4.35m 3.65m
spans(4.35,3.6 2#20
2#12 8.3 2#12 10.12 2#20 3 3#12 8.7 2.45
5) 2#12
0.3x0.5 8 @300 8 @300

BF1*3 4.35m 3.65m

spans(4.35,3.6 2#20
2#12 9.8 2#12 10.12 2#20 3 3#12 9.7 2.45
5) 2#12
0.3x0.5 8 @300 8 @300

Beam Name 1 2 3

Bar Bar Bar Shear (2 legged

n#dia n#dia n#dia
len len len stirrups)

BE21* 4.35m 1.5m

2#12 6.15
spans(4.35,1.5) 3#12 6.35 2#20 3.18
2#20 4.65
0.3x0.5 8 @170 8 @300
 1

3
A B C D E F

Beam Name 1 2 3 4

Bar Bar Bar Bar Shear (2 legged

n#dia n#dia n#dia n#dia
len len len len stirrups)

BB13/BD13 4.35m 3.65m

spans(8) 2#25 8.6 2#25 10.12 2#20 3 3#12 8.7
0.3x0.5 8 @300 8 @300

BC13 4.35m 3.65m

2#25
spans(8) 8.6 2#25 10.12 2#16 3 2#25 8.7
1#20
0.3x0.5 8 @300 8 @300
SLAB REINFORCEMENT
0.5m
1.305m 1.1m
10 ϕ@ 300 c/c

2#10 ϕ 10 ϕ@ 300 c/c

10 ϕ@ 300 c/c

3.65m
4.35m

0.5m 1.5m 1.5m

10 ϕ@ 300 c/c

2#10 ϕ 10 ϕ@ 300 c/c

10 ϕ@ 300 c/c

5m
5m
 1

COLUMN REINFORCEMENT 2
3
A B C D E F

location Size Reinforcement Location Size Reinforcement

A1, A3 0.3 m x 0.45m 8 # 20ϕ D1 0.3 m x 0.45m 16 # 20ϕ

A2 0.45 x 0.45m 8 # 20ϕ E1,E2 0.3 m x 0.45m 8 # 20ϕ

8 # 16ϕ
B1,C1 0.3 m x 0.45m 16 # 20ϕ F1,F3 0.3 m x 0.45m 8 # 20ϕ
16 # 16ϕ 8 # 16ϕ

B3,C3,D3 0.3 m x 0.45m 8 # 25ϕ F2 0.45m x0.45m 8 # 20ϕ

8 # 16ϕ

Column reinforcement distributed equally on four edges.

Transverse reinforcement 8ϕ @ 250mm lateral ties
 1

2
3
A B C D E F

location Size Depth Reinforcement Location Size Depth Reinforcement

A1, A3, F3 2m x 2m 0.45m 12ϕ @180mm D1,D3 2.4m x 0.6 12ϕ @140mm
both ways 2.4m both ways
A2, F2 2.4m x 0.6m 12ϕ @150mm E1,E2 2.2m x 0.6 12ϕ @140mm
2.4m both ways 2.2m both ways

B1, B3, C1, 2.2m x 0.6m 12ϕ @140mm F1 2.1m x 0.6 12ϕ @150mm
C3 2.2m both ways 2.1m both ways
 Pilot Project : Structural analysis and design of multi-storey
residential apartments.

Details of structure are as follows:

 Total no. of floors 18.
above ground level: 16
below ground level: 2 (parking)
 Building dimensions and other details
Plan: 47.5m x 42.5m
Height above GL: 57m
Below GL: 8m
Storey height above GL: 3.5m (c/c)
Storey height below GL: 4.0m (c/c)
Area of one flat: 1054 sq ft
No. of flats in one floor: 10
Total no. of flats in the building: 150
 Type of structure: RCC frame (M35)
 Type of foundation: Pile foundation
Typical stuctural plan of building

ELEVATOR

STAIRS

CORRIDOOR
Load Definition :
1. Seismic Load
Parameter Value
Zone IV (0.24)
Importance factor 1
Response Reduction factor 5
Rock and soil site factor 1
Damping ratio 0.05
Time Period in x direction 1.08
Time Period in z direction 1.09

2. Wind Load
Parameter Value
Basic wind speed 47 m/s
(Risk coefficient) K1 1.0
(Terrain , height and structure size Category-4, class- C, value height
factor) K2 dependent.
(Topography) K3 1.0
Basic load case details
Dead Load
Live load
Wind Load x direction
Wind Load -x direction
Wind Load z direction
Wind Load -z direction
Earthquake load in x direction
Earthquake load in z direction
 Load combinations
1.5(DL+LL) -1.5EQZ+0.9DL 0.9DL+1.5(-EQZ+0.3EQX) -1.5WLZ+0.9DL
1.5(DL+EQX) 1.5(DL-EQZ-0.3EQX) 1.5(DL+WLX) 1.5(DL-WLZ-0.3WLX)
1.5(DL+EQZ) 1.5(DL-EQX-0.3EQZ) 1.5(DL+WLZ) 1.5(DL-WLX-0.3WLZ)
1.2(DL+LL+EQX) 1.2(DL+LL-EQZ-0.3EQX) 1.2(DL+LL+WLX) 1.2(DL+LL-WLZ-0.3WLX)
1.2(DL+LL+EQZ) 1.2(DL+LL-EQX-0.3EQZ) 1.2(DL+LL+WLZ) 1.2(DL+LL-WLX-0.3WLZ)
0.9DL+1.5EQX 0.9DL-1.5(EQX+0.3EQZ) 0.9DL+1.5WLX 0.9DL-1.5(WLX+0.3WLZ)
1.5EQZ+0.9DL 0.9DL-1.5(EQZ+0.3EQX) 1.5WLZ+0.9DL 0.9DL-1.5(WLZ+0.3WLX)
1.5(DL+EQZ+0.3EQX) 1.5(DL+EQZ-0.3EQX) 1.5(DL+WLZ+0.3WLX) 1.5(DL+WLZ-0.3WLX)
1.5(DL+EQX+0.3EQZ) 1.5(DL+EQX-0.3EQZ) 1.5(DL+WLX+0.3WLZ) 1.5(DL+WLX-0.3WLZ)
1.2(DL+LL+EQZ+0.3EQX) 1.2(DL+LL+EQZ-0.3EQX) 1.2(DL+LL+WLZ+0.3WLX) 1.2(DL+LL+WLZ-0.3WLX)
1.2(DL+LL+EQX+0.3EQZ) 1.2(DL+LL+EQX-0.3EQZ) 1.2(DL+LL+WLX+0.3WLZ) 1.2(DL+LL+WLX-0.3WLZ)
0.9DL+1.5(EQX+0.3EQZ) 0.9DL+1.5(EQX-0.3EQZ) 0.9DL+1.5(WLX+0.3WLZ) 0.9DL+1.5(WLX-0.3WLZ)
0.9DL+1.5(EQZ+0.3EQX) 0.9DL+1.5(EQZ-0.3EQX) 0.9DL+1.5(WLZ+0.3WLX) 0.9DL+1.5(WLZ-0.3WLX)
1.5(DL-EQX) 1.5(DL-EQZ+0.3EQX) 1.5(DL-WLX) 1.5(DL-WLZ+0.3WLX)
1.5(DL-EQZ) 1.5(DL-EQX-0.3EQZ) 1.5(DL-WLZ) 1.5(DL-WLX-0.3WLZ)
1.2(DL+LL-EQX) 1.2(DL+LL-EQZ+0.3EQX) 1.2(DL+LL-WLX) 1.2(DL+LL-WLZ+0.3WLX)
1.2(DL+LL-EQZ) 1.2(DL+LL-EQX+0.3EQZ) 1.2(DL+LL-WLZ) 1.2(DL+LL-WLX+0.3WLZ)
0.9DL-1.5EQX 0.9DL+1.5(-EQX+0.3EQZ) 0.9DL-1.5WLX 0.9DL+1.5(-WLX+0.3WLZ)

0.9DL+1.5(-WLZ+0.3WLX)
Models
SP 22(explainatory handbook to - IS1983)
Design
Foundation Design: Type of foundation for this
structure is pile foundation. Also the design and
detailing for the foundation is done manually. this
included deciding the depth of pile and calculating the
load bearing capacity. Grouping of piles as per support
reactions derived from Staad analysis. Thus deciding
the different types of pile caps required. Structural
design and detailing of pile and pile caps.
 LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF BORED CAST-IN-SITU PILE — STATIC FORMULA -IS 2911 Part1- sec2

 PILES IN GRANULAR SOILS

The ultimate bearing capacity ( Qu ) of piles in granular soils is
given by the following formula:

where
Ap = cross-sectional area of pile toe in cm2;
D = stem diameter in cm;
γ = effective unit weight of soil at pile toe in kgf/cm3;
PD = effective overburden pressure at pile toe in kgf/cm2;
Nr and Nq = bearing capacity factors depending upon the angle of internal friction Φ at toe;
K = coefficient of earth pressure;
PDi = effective overburden pressure in kg/cm2 for the ith layer where i varies from 1 to n;
δ = angle of wall friction between pile and soil, in degrees (may be taken equal to Φ); and
Asi = surface area of pile stem in cm2 in the ith layer where I varies from 1 to n.

NOTE 1 — Nr factor can be taken for general shear failure as per IS : 6403-1981*.
NOTE 2 — Nq factor will depend, apart from nature of soil on the type of pile and its
method of construction, for bored piles, the value of Nq corresponding to angle of
shearing resistance are given in Fig. 1. This is based on Berezantseu’s curve for
D/B of 20 up to = 35° and Vesic’s curves beyond = 35°.
NOTE 3 — The earth pressure coefficient K depends on the nature of soil strata, type
of pile and its method of construction. For bored piles in loose medium sands, K
values between 1 and 2 should be used.
Pile properties:
Dia of pile: 0.5m
Length of pile: 25m
 Vertical load carrying capacity: 2500KN
 Pullout load capacity:1750KN
 Lateral load carrying capacity: 108.7KN
 Depth of fixity: 3.87m below cutoff.
 Maximum moment in pile shaft:170.2KNm
 Distance btw two piles: 3 times dia=1.5m
RCC design of Pile:
P=2500KN
M=170.2KNm
fck=30KN/m2
Ast required=4712mm2
Provide 10# 20 dia
Provide 8mm @ 300c/c lateral ties.
 Sample calculation for design of a pile cap
From load data maximum reaction in the pile I & II are:
RI+RII=4681 kN 1.5
Bending Moment = 4681(0.85-0.6)
=1700KNm
Ast required=3632mm2
Provide 20dia @190c/c both ways
Check for one way shear:
Vu=0.0425x4081/0.5=347kN
ζv=Vu/bd=347000/915x2200=0.17 <ζc=0.29 …….(safe)
Check for two way shear(punching)
Vu=347+0=347kN
ζv=347000/(2115x4x915)=0.0448 <ζc=0.29 …….(safe)
 CSR work (Annual budget 2011-2012, Rs. 30.7 lakh)
 Under the CSR work area various cost estimates were prepared
as under:

Title of work (Preparation of cost estimate for) Alloted Amount

Additional room(5m x 4m) in Kotabasti. 3 lakh

Garbage pits in Chilkadand, Nimiatand. 3 lakh
Renovation of community hall in Chilkadand/Kota/Parswar. 5 lakh

Construction of culvert with RCC road in Ranibari. 15 lakh

Renovation of drains in Chilkadand 4 lakh
Repair of school in parwar raja 0.7 lakh
TOTAL 30.7 lakh

Remarks:- Proposal forwarded for financial vetting and approval

of competent authority.
Steps in preparation of a cost estimate:

1. Site visit and inspection of proposed locations.

2. Preparation of construction drawings.
3. Listing the various items to be used (scheduled and
non-scheduled items).
4. Calculating the quantity of the items involved as
per the detailed drawings.
5. Calculating the rate as per DSR (scheduled items).
6. Rate analysis for non-scheduled items.
7. Estimating the total amount (including UPL profit,
PAP, contractor’s profit and service tax etc.).
Execution work
Execution of CISF morcha and telephone exchange
building.
Construction (Repair and maintenance) of township
road.
 Various test conducted in FQA Lab
AGGREGATE TEST:
1. Sieve analysis test : This test is conducted for gradation of fine and coarse aggregates .
2. Aggregate Crushing Value- The aggregate crushing value, when determined in accordance with
IS: 2386 (Part IV)-1963 shall not exceed 45 percent for aggregate used for concrete other than for
wearing surfaces, and 30 percent for concrete for wearing surfaces, such as runways, roads and
pavements.
3. Aggregates Impact Value- impact value may be determined in accordance with the method
specified in IS : 2386 (Part IV )-1963. The aggregate impact value shall not exceed45 percent by
weight for aggregates used for concrete other than for wearing surfaces and 30 percent by weight
for concrete for wearing surfaces, such as runways, roads and pavements.

4.ELONGATION INDEX: This method is used for determining the elongation index of coarse
aggregate.
5. FLAKINESS INDEXi: This method is used for determining the flakiness index of coarse
aggregate
6.Stripping value test: Principle of this test is by immersing aggregate fully coated with binder in
water maintained at specified temp. and result is reported as the percentage of stone surface that is
stripped off after the specified time period
Test on Bitumen
1. Penetration test : This test is done to determine the penetration of bitumen as per IS: 1203 –
1978. The principle is that the penetration of a bituminous material is the distance in tenths of a
mm, that a standard needle would penetrate vertically, into a sample of the material under standard
conditions of temperature(25 degree calcius), load(100 g) and time(5 seconds).
2. Water content test: water content in Bitumen is determined by mixing known weight of the
specimen in a pure petroleum distillate free from water , heating and distillating off the water.
The weight of water condensed and collected is expressed as percentage by weight of the
original specimen. The maximum water content in bitumen should not exceed 0.2 percent by
weight.
3. Softening point test : Softening point is the temperature at which the substance attains a particular
degree of softening under specified condition of test .Softening point of various bitumen grades
varies between 35 degree to 70 degree.
 References:
Various Indian Standard used are :
456-2000 - For Rcc design
875_1 -Dead Load
875_2 - Imposed (Live ) load
875_3 - Wind load
875_5 - Load combination
1893 (Part 1) : 2002 - Earthquake Loads
2911 – 1979 (Part 1 – Sec 2)-Design and construction of pile foundation ( Bored cast in situ piles
Concrete Piles
383 - Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete
SP 16 - Design aids for reinforced concrete to is : 456-2000
SP 22 - Explanatory handbook oncodes for earthquake engineering
SP 36 - Handbook on reinforcement and detailing
Books:
- limit state design of RCC by A.K. Jain
- RCC Design by Cyal and goyal
- RCC Design of structeures by B.C. Punmia
- Highway Engineering By Khanna and Justo
THANK YOU