Microprocessor Systems

Basic Course Outline:

• Register transfer and micro-operations
• Basic computer organization, design, & programming
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• 8051 microcontroller assembly + peripheral interfacing
• PIC18 microcontroller using C only

Dr. Memoon Sajid

Assistant Professor
Faculty of Electrical Engineering
GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology
Phone # +923468710421
Email : memoonsajid@gmail.com
Office Hours: As displayed on door
 Chapter 5
Basic Computer Organization
Instructions, Program organization, Addressing, Registers,
Common Bus, Timing & Control, Basic Computer design
Instruction Codes 7
Addressing Techniques
Computer Registers 8
Common Bus System
Basic CPU Design
 The von Neumann Architecture of a
Computer

Processor or

Note: The processor

is also called the
Central Processing
Unit or the CPU

31
 Flow of Information
• The parts are connected to one another by a
collection of wires called a bus

Processor

Figure 5.2 Data flow through a von Neumann architecture

32
 ADD X

X D E+DE

ADD X
E+D E D

ALU1 & ALU2

D
E+D

33
 IN X

X D

D
IN X

34
 OUT X

X D

D
OUT X

35
Computer Instructions 9
Op-code
=
111
• A 3-bit op-code may give a notion that only 8
operations are possible but it is not true
• In case of Register Reference and Input/output
Instructions, the remaining 12 bits are become part of
operation codes
• The instruction decoder checks the status and decides
whether to use the 12 bits as op-code or address
• In fact, a total of 25 instructions have been chosen for
this basic computer under discussion
• 7 Memory reference instructions involving some
operation on the data in memory
• 12 Register reference instructions all involving ACC but
no memory locations, thus no address part is needed
• 6 Input/output instructions involving INPR or OUTR but
no memory locations, thus no address part is needed
Instruction Set Completeness
Timing and Control
Instruction Cycle