Microprocessor and Interfacing

(MPI)
GTU # 3160712

Unit-2:
Microprocessor
Architecture &
Operations Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

Prof. Swati R Sharma

Computer Engineering Department
Darshan Institute of Engineering & Technology, Rajkot
swati.sharma@darshan.ac.in
(O) 9727747317
Subject Overview
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.
Sr. No. Unit % Weightage
1 Introduction to Microprocessor 8%
2 Microprocessor Architecture and Operations 7%
3 8085 Microprocessor 12%
4 Assembly Language Programming Basics 13%
5 8085 Assembly Language Programs 12%
6 Stack & Subroutines 13%
7 I/O Interfacing 20%
8 Advanced Microprocessors 15%

Prof. Swati R Sharma Unit 2 – Microprocessor Architecture and Operations 2

 Topics
Loopingto be covered
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

 Microprocessor Architecture and Operations

 Memory
 I/O devices
 Memory and I/O operations
 Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

Microprocessor Architecture
and Operations
Microprocessor Architecture and Operations
 A microprocessor is the central processing unit Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

(CPU) and heart of a computer.

 Processing of program instructions and data occurs
within Microprocessor.
 A basic computer consists of a
 microprocessor
 external memory
 input and output devices

Prof. Swati R Sharma Unit 2 – Microprocessor Architecture and Operations 5

 Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

Architecture of a Basic
Microprocessor
Architecture of a Basic Microprocessor
 Microprocessor is a controlling unit. Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

 It is a small chip capable of performing ALU (Arithmetic Logical Unit) operations and
communicating with the other devices connected to it.
 Microprocessor consists of an ALU, register array, and a control unit.
 ALU performs arithmetical and logical operations on the data received from the memory or
an input device.

Prof. Swati R Sharma Unit 2 – Microprocessor Architecture and Operations 7

 Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

How does a Microprocessor

Work?
How does a Microprocessor Work?
 Microprocessor accepts binary data as Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

input, processes data, and then provides

output based on the instructions stored in
the memory.
 The microprocessor follows a sequence:
Fetch, Decode, and then Execute.

Prof. Swati R Sharma Unit 2 – Microprocessor Architecture and Operations 9

 Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

Operations carried out by

Microprocessor
Operations carried out by Microprocessor
1. Memory Read/Write Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

2. IO Read/Write
3. Fetch operation
4. Decode operation
5. Instruction Execution
6. Parallel Processing
7. Memory Management
8. Synchronization
9. Sending Timing and Control Signal

Prof. Swati R Sharma Unit 2 – Microprocessor Architecture and Operations 11

 Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

Role of clock in
Microprocessor
Role of clock in Microprocessor.
 Every microprocessor has an internal clock that Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

regulates the speed at which it executes instructions and

also synchronizes it with other components.
 Synchronization: Synchronization is the coordination
of events to operate a system in unison.
 The speed at which the microprocessor executes
instructions is called clock speed.
 Clock speeds are measured in MHz or GHz where 1
MHz means 1 million cycles per second whereas 1 GHz
equals to 1 billion cycles per second.

Prof. Swati R Sharma Unit 2 – Microprocessor Architecture and Operations 13

 Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

Classification of Memory
Classification of Memory
Memory
Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

Primary Storage Memory

Memory Secondary Backup
Storage Storage

Semi-
R/W Serial
ROM random
Memory Access
Access

Erasable Permanent Disks

Memory Memory
Static Dynamic Magnetic
R/W M R/W M EPROM Floppy Tape
EE- Hard
Non- Integrated Masked ROM CD-ROM
PROM
Volatile RAM Flash M PROM Zip Disk

Prof. Swati R Sharma Unit 2 – Microprocessor Architecture and Operations 15

Classification of Memory
Primary Memory High speed and low latency memory but cost is higher and storage capacity
Positive Vibes:MPI is lower.
is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

It is volatile memory, so if power failure occurs the content of memory will be lost.
Secondary Memory It is non-volatile auxiliary memory. It is a permanent storage space to hold huge amount of data.
It is comparatively cheaper and slower compared to main memory.

Prof. Swati R Sharma Unit 2 – Microprocessor Architecture and Operations 16

References
Book: Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, and Applications with the 8085,
Positive Vibes:MPIRamesh
is the interesting, S.
easiest and scoring subject.

Gaonkar Pub: Penram International

Prof. Swati R Sharma Unit 2 – Microprocessor Architecture and Operations 17

 Positive Vibes:MPI is the interesting, easiest and scoring subject.

Thank You