ME ELECTIVE 4

ELECTRO-PNEUMATICS
 MODULE OUTLINE:
1.0 What is Electro-Pneumatics?
2.0 Input Elements
3.0 Processing Elements
4.0 Final Control Elements
5.0 Power components / Actuator
6.0 Electro-Pneumatic Circuits
1.0 WHAT IS ELECTRO-PNEUMATICS?
 Electro-pneumatic term is defined from the words of
electro which means electrical and pneumatic which
means air pressure.
 The term electro-pneumatics indicates that this technology
combines electrical engineering circuits and mechanical
engineering pneumatics.
 The use of electrical circuit reduces wearing, huge working
space and slow speed disadvantage of some mechanical
pneumatic elements.
 2.0 INPUT ELEMENTS
SWITCHES/PUSH BUTTONS
• A CONTROL DEVICE USED TO
MANUALLY OPEN AND CLOSE A SET
OF CONTACTS.
ANSI IEC

NO
NO
NO
NO

NC
NC
NC
NC
2.0 INPUT ELEMENTS
SWITCHES/PUSH BUTTONS
MOMMENTARY CONTACT SWITCHES– THEIR CONTACTS REMAIN
IN THEIR ACTIVATED STATE ONLY AS LONG AS THE BUTTON IS
PRESSED
MAINTAINED CONTACT SWITHES– WITH CONTACTS THAT REMAIN
IN THEIR ACTIVATED STATE AFTER THE BUTTON IS RELEASED
 2.0 INPUT ELEMENTS ANSI IEC

NO
NO

MECHANICAL LIMIT NO
NO

SWITCHES NC
NC

• THESE ARE ELECTRICAL NC

NC

SWITCHES WHICH ARE

DESIGNED TO TRIGGER
A FURTHER SIGNAL AT
A SPECIFIC PISTON
STROKE.
 2.0 INPUT ELEMENTS
REED PROXIMITY SWITCHES
• ELECTRICAL SWITCH OPERATED BY AN
APPLIED MAGNETIC FIELD
 IEC
3 WIRE TECHNOLOGY

2.0 INPUT ELEMENTS SENSOR SYMBOL

REED PROXIMITY SWITCHES

ANSI IEC

NO
NO
NO
NO

NC
NC
ELECTRICAL DRAWING
NC
NC
 3.0 PROCESSING ELEMENTS
RELAYS
• RELAYS ARE ELECTROMECHANICAL
SWITCHES THAT ARE TRIGGERED BY
SUPPLYING ELECTRICITY THROUGH
ITS COIL. WHEN THE RELAY COIL IS
ENERGIZED, ITS CONTACTS WILL
SWITCH TO ITS OPPOSITE STATE.
3.0 PROCESSING ELEMENTS
ANSI IEC
RELAYS
R
R
R
R

Coil
Coil
Coil
Coil

R R
R
R

Contact
Contact Normally
Normally Ope
Openn

Contact
Contact Normally
Normally Open
Ope n

R
R R
R

Contact
Contact Normally
Normally Close
Close

Contact
Contact Normally
Normally Close
Close
 3.0 PROCESSING ELEMENTS
RELAY TIMERS
• TYPE OF RELAY THAT DELAYS THE
SWITCHING OF ITS CONTACTS FOR AN
ADJUSTABLE SPECIFIED TIME.
 3.0 PROCESSING ELEMENTS
IEC
RELAY TIMERS
ANSI
TR
TR TR
TR

TR
TR TR
TR

Coil
Coil with
with On
On Delay
Delay Coil
Coil with
with Off
Off Delay
Delay Coil
Coil with
with On
On Delay
Delay Coil
Coil with
with Off
Off Delay
Delay

TR
TR TR
TR
TR
TR TR
TR

Contact Contact
Contact with
with On
On Delay
DelayNormally
NormallyOpen Contact
Contact with
with Off
Off Delay
DelayNormally
NormallyOpen
Contact with
with On
On Delay
DelayNormally
NormallyOpen
Open Contact
Contact with
with Off
Off Delay
DelayNormally
NormallyOpen
Open Open Open

TR
TR TR
TR
TR
TR
TR
TR

Contact
Contact with
with On
On Delay
DelayNormally
NormallyClose
Close Contact
Contact with
with Off
Off Delay
DelayNormally
NormallyClose
Close Contact
Contact with
with On
On Delay
DelayNormally
NormallyClose
Close Contact
Contact with
with Off
Off Delay
DelayNormally
NormallyClose
Close
 3.0 PROCESSING ELEMENTS
RELAY COUNTERS
• ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SWITCHES
THAT ARE CAPABLE OF COUNTING
AND STORING THE NUMBER OF
OCCURENCES WHERE A PARTICULAR
SIGNAL HAPPENS.
• COUNTER RELAYS HAS 2 COILS THE
COUNTING COIL AND THE RESET COIL
AND A CONTACT.
3.0 PROCESSING ELEMENTS
RELAY COUNTERS
 4.0 FINAL CONTROL ELEMENTS
SOLENOID

A SOLENOID IS A DEVICE THAT USES

ELECTRICAL ENERGY TO MAGNETICALLY
CAUSE MECHANICAL CONTROL ACTION. A
SOLENOID CONSISTS OF A COIL, FRAME, AND
PLUNGER (OR ARMATURE, AS IT IS
SOMETIMES CALLED).
 4.0 FINAL CONTROL ELEMENTS
SOLENOID
ANSI IEC

S
S
 4.0 FINAL CONTROL ELEMENTS
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES, SOLENOID
OPERATED

• SOLENOID VALVE SERVES AS A CONNECTING

ELEMENT OR INTERFACE DEVICE BETWEEN
ELECTRICAL DEVICES AND PNEUMATIC DEVICES.
 4.0 FINAL CONTROL ELEMENTS
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES, SOLENOID
OPERATED
3/2 WAY VALVE NORMALLY CLOSED, SOLENOID
ACTUATED

• 3/2 WAY VALVES ARE USED FOR CONTROLLING

SINGLE-ACTING CYLINDER.
 4.0 FINAL CONTROL ELEMENTS
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES, SOLENOID
OPERATED
3/2 WAY VALVE NORMALLY CLOSED, SOLENOID
ACTUATED
 4.0 FINAL CONTROL ELEMENTS
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES, SOLENOID
OPERATED
5/2 WAY VALVE, SOLENOID OPERATED
• 5/2 WAY VALVES ARE USED FOR CONTROLLING
DOUBLE-ACTING CYLINDER AND TWO DIRECTIONS
PNEUMATIC MOTORS.
 4.0 FINAL CONTROL ELEMENTS
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES, SOLENOID
OPERATED
5/2 WAY VALVE, SOLENOID OPERATED
5/2 WAY VALVE, SINGLE SOLENOID WITH INTERNAL
PILOT
• THE PILOT OPERATED VALVE COMPRISE A PILOT
VALVE AND A MAIN VALVE. THE PILOT VALVE IS
OPERATED ELECTRICALLY. THE COMPRESSES AIR
SWITCHES THE MAIN VALVE.
 4.0 FINAL CONTROL ELEMENTS
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES, SOLENOID
OPERATED
5/2 WAY VALVE, SOLENOID OPERATED
5/2 WAY VALVE, SINGLE SOLENOID WITH INTERNAL
PILOT
4 2

5 3
1
 4.0 FINAL CONTROL ELEMENTS
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES, SOLENOID
OPERATED
5/2 WAY VALVE, SOLENOID OPERATED
5/2 WAY VALVE, DOUBLE SOLENOID WITH INTERNAL
PILOT
• ALSO CALLED DOUBLE PULSE VALVES, SOLENOID
OPERATED AT BOTH SIDES AND HAVE TWO
SOLENOIDS.
 4.0 FINAL CONTROL ELEMENTS
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVES, SOLENOID
OPERATED
5/2 WAY VALVE, SOLENOID OPERATED
5/2 WAY VALVE, DOUBLE SOLENOID WITH INTERNAL
PILOT 4 2

5 3
1
5.0 POWER COMPONENTS / ACTUATORS

A component such as a cylinder, motor, and rotary

actuator that directly helps convert pneumatic energy
into mechanical energy.
 TYPES OF PNEUMATIC
CYLINDERS
 Single Acting cylinder
 Double Acting cylinder
SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER

A pneumatic actuator
that directs energy
in one direction.
 DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDER

A pneumatic actuator
that directs energy in
two directions.
ROTARY ACTUATOR
An actuator that
directs force in a
circular motion.
CLAMP
A mechanical device
that uses rotary and
linear actuators to
mimic the motion of
the human hand.
SUCTION CUPS
 Suction cups attach to
various surfaces from
flat to uneven and
provide a safe and
secure way to move and
hold products,
automatically or
manually.
6.0 ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC CIRCUITS

• ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC CIRCUITS ARE DIVIDED INTO

TWO PARTS, JUST LIKE THE MOTOR CONTROL
CIRCUITS:

1. POWER CIRCUIT
2. CONTROL CIRCUIT
6.0 ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC CIRCUITS
POWER CIRCUIT
• COMPOSED OF THE AIR 4 2

SERVICE UNIT, 5 3
DIRECTIONAL VALVES & 1

SOLENOID ACTUATED,
AND THE POWER
COMPONENTS OR
ACTUATORS.
6.0 ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC CIRCUITS
CONTROL CIRCUIT
• THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF CONTROL CIRCUIT
ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS.

1. ANSI – AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE

2. IEC – INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSSION
 (In French: Commission électrotechnique internationale)
6.0 ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC CIRCUITS
CONTROL CIRCUIT
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANSI AND IEC ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC CIRCUITS
ANSI IEC
The prevailing standards body in North America Predominates in much of the rest of the world.
and other selected regions.
Symbols are much like from NEMA. Motor control circuit symbols and electro-
pneumatic symbols are the same.
The ladder diagram looks like a standing ladder. The ladder diagram looks a lying down ladder.

You can read the ladder diagram starting from left You can read the ladder diagram starting from top
to right then top to bottom. to bottom then left to right .

You need to learn incase you will work in a non- You need to learn incase you will work in a
European company or a company that patronizes European company or an old company which is still
Asian or American technology. patronizing European quality technology.
6.0 ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC CIRCUITS
CONTROL CIRCUIT
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANSI AND IEC ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC CIRCUITS

ANSI IEC

+24V 1

EXTEND R

1 EXTEND 2 3 R 4
RETURN
RETURN

R A

R
A

0V

2
THE END