INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

PROGRAMMING (CSE-271)
PREPARED BY
MD. ATIQUL ISLAM RIZVI
LECTURER, DEPT. OF CSE, CUET.
 Computer System
 Generally four parts –

 Hardware – mechanical device/ real world object.

 Software – instruction/ program. Tells the hardware how to run.

 Data – information on which software should work.

 User – humans. Tell software what to do.

 Hardware
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Carries out instructions from the program
Manipulate the data
Most computers have several processors

 Memory devices - stores data or programs. Two types –

 Random Access Memory (RAM)
 Stores current data and programs
 Read Only Memory (ROM)
 Permanent storage of programs
 Holds the computer boot directions
 Hardware

RAM ROM
Stores the currently active Stores certain fixed routines
programs and their data such as the boot-up routines.
RAM is volatile ROM is non-volatile
The contents of RAM can be The contents of ROM cannot be
changed or deleted changed or deleted
Writing data to a RAM chip is a Writing data to a ROM chip is a
faster process slow process
 Hardware
 Input and output devices
 Allows the user to interact
 Input devices accept data
 Output devices deliver data

 Storage devices
 Hold data and programs permanently
 Different from RAM
 Software
 Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate
computers and execute specific tasks. Two types –
 System software
 Programs written for computer systems
 Operating system
Example – Windows 10, Linux, iOS

 Application software
 Programs written for computer users
 Accomplishes a specific task
Example – Compiler, Word, Excel
 Operating System
 OS - a program that manages the computer hardware, provides a basis
for application programs and acts as an intermediary between the
computer user & computer hardware.

 Functions of Operating Systems

 Provide a user interface
 Run programs
 Manage hardware devices
 Organize file storage
 Operating System
 Real-time operating system
 Very fast small OS
 Built into a device
 Single user/Single tasking OS
 One user works on the system
 Performs one task at a time
 Take up little space on disk

 Single user/Multitasking OS
 User performs many tasks at once
 Require expensive computers
 Tend to be complex
 Multi user/Multitasking OS
 Many users connect to one computer
 Each user has a unique session