CELLS

Defination of cell
Cell is a structural and
functional uint of life. It is also
called fundamental unit of life.
 About cell
Cells were first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665.
While examinig a thin slice of cork , Robert Hooke saw
that the cork resembled the structure of a honeycomb
consisting of many little compartments. Cork is
asubstance which comes from the bark of a tree.
Hooke observed these cork slices through a self-
designed microscope.Robert hooke called these boxes
cells. Cell is a Latin word for ‘a little room.’
 Difference between Prokaryotic and
eukaryotic
Prokaryotic cell
 Size of cell is small.
 Nucleus is absent.
 It contain single
chromosome.
 Nucleolus is absent.
 Membarane bound cell
organelles are absent.
 Cell division takes place by
fission dr budding.
Eukaryotic cell
Size of cell is large.
Nucleus is present.
It contain more than one
chromosome.
Nucleolus is present.
Cell organelles such as
plastids, lysosomes etc. are
present.
Cell division occures by mititic
and meiotic.
 Cell Theory
In 1938, Jakob Matthias Schleiden(1804-1881), a
German botanist, first proposed the idea that all plants
consist of cells. A year later, in 1839, Theodor
Schwann(1810-1882), a German zoologist,
independently asserted that all animals and plants are
made up of cells. This joint finding forms the basis of the
cell theory.
The cell theory was refined furtherin 1885, when another
German biologist, R. Virchow presented the idea that all
cells arise from pre-existing cells. Thus , cell theory
comprises some postulates.
 Postulates of cell theory
All organisms are composed of cells and
cell products.
All metabolic reactions takes place in the
cells. Thus, cells are structural and
functional units of life.
All cells arise from pre-existing cells only.
Every organisms starts its life as a single
cell.
 Types of
cells

Plant cell

Animal
cell
 Plant cell
In plant cell, Cell wall,
plasma membrane, nucleus,
chromatin, endoplasmic
reticulum, cytoplasm,
chloroplast, ribosomes,
mitochondria, dictyosome
 Animal cell
In animal cell, plasma
membarane, cytoplasm,
nucleus, chromatin, ribosomes,
mitochondrion, endoplasmic
reticulum, golgi apparatus,
golgi vesicle, present.
 Present in both plant
and animal cell
Plasma membrane, ribosomes,
cytoplasm, mitochondrion, endoplasmic
reticulum, nucleus, chromatinare
present. In plant cell golgi apparatus is
known as dictyosome.
 Differances between plant cell and animal
cell
Plant cell Animal cell
 Size of cell is large. Size of cell is small.
 Cell wall is absent.
 Plastids are present.
 Plant cell have a big vacuole.
 Plant cell have many simpler
units of golgi apparatus,
called dictyosome.
 Plant cells have
centrosomeand centrioles.