SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES

MADE BY:ADITYA BHARATIYA

 WHAT IS
SURFACE
AREA?
The surface area of a solid object is a measure of the
total area that the surface of the object occupies.The
mathematical definition of surface area in the presence
of curved surfaces is considerably more involved than
the definition of arc length of one-dimensional curves, or
of the surface area for polyhedra (i.e., objects with flat
polygonal faces), for which the surface area is the sum
of the areas of its faces. Smooth surfaces, such as a 
sphere, are assigned surface area using their
representation as parametric surfaces. This definition of
surface area is based on methods of 
infinitesimal calculus and involves partial derivatives
 and double integration.
 SO WHAT IS
VOLUME?
Volume is the quantity of three-dimensional space
 enclosed by a closed surface, for example, the space
that a substance (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma) or shape
occupies or contains.Volume is often quantified
numerically using the SI derived unit, the cubic metre.
The volume of a container is generally understood to be
the capacity of the container; i. e., the amount of fluid
 (gas or liquid) that the container could hold, rather than
the amount of space the container itself displaces. 
Three dimensional mathematical shapes are also
assigned volumes. Volumes of some simple shapes,
such as regular, straight-edged, and circular shapes can
be easily calculated using arithmetic formulas. Volumes
of complicated shapes can be calculated with 
integral calculus if a formula exists for the shape's
boundary. One-dimensional figures (such as lines) and 
two-dimensional shapes (such as squares) are assigned
DIFFENT TYPES OF SOLIDS
 CUBE

In geometry, a cube is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six 

square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex.
The cube is the only regular hexahedron and is one of the five 
Platonic solids. It has 6 faces, 12 edges, and 8 vertices.
The cube is also a square parallelepiped, an equilateral cuboid and a
right rhombohedron. It is a regular square prism in three orientations,
and a trigonal trapezohedron in four orientations.
 CUBOID

A cuboid is a 3D shape. Cuboids have six faces, which form a convex 

polyhedron. Broadly, the faces of the cuboid can be any quadrilateral.
More narrowly, cuboids are made from 6 rectangles, which are placed
at right angles. A cuboid that uses all square faces is a cube.
 SPHERE

Like a circle in a two-dimensional space, a sphere is defined

mathematically as the set of points that are all at the same
distance r from a given point, but in a three-dimensional space. [2] This
distance r is the radius of the ball, which is made up from all points
with a distance less than (or, for a closed ball, less than  or equal
to) r from the given point, which is the center of the mathematical ball.
These are also referred to as the radius and center of the sphere,
respectively. The longest straight line segment through the ball,
connecting two points of the sphere, passes through the center and its
length is thus twice the radius; it is a diameter of both the sphere and
its ball.
 SPHERICAL LUNE

In spherical geometry, a spherical lune is an area on a sphere bounded

by two half great circles which meet at antipodal points. It is an
example of a digon, {2}θ, with dihedral angle θ.The word "lune" derives
from luna, the Latin word for Moon.
 TRIANGULAR PRISM

In geometry, a triangular prism is a three-sided prism; it is a 

polyhedron made of a triangular base, a translated copy, and 3 faces
joining corresponding sides. A right triangular prism has rectangular
 sides, otherwise it is oblique. A uniform triangular prism is a right
triangular prism with equilateral bases, and square sides.
 TORUS

In geometry, a torus (plural tori) is a surface of revolution generated by

revolving a circle in three-dimensional space about an axis that is 
coplanar with the circle.
If the axis of revolution does not touch the circle, the surface has a
ring shape and is called a torus of revolution. If the axis of revolution
is tangent to the circle, the surface is a horn torus. If the axis of
revolution passes twice through the circle, the surface is a spindle
torus. If the axis of revolution passes through the center of the circle,
the surface is a degenerate torus, a sphere. If the revolved curve is not
a circle, the surface is a related shape, a toroid
 CYLINDER

A cylinder has traditionally been a three-dimensional solid, one of the

most basic of curvilinear geometric shapes. It is the idealized version
of a solid physical tin can having lids on top and bottom
 CONE

A cone is a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly

from a flat base to a point called the apex or vertex. A cone is formed
by a set of line segments, half-lines, or lines connecting a common
point, the apex, to all of the points on a base that is in a plane that
does not contain the apex.
 PYRAMID

In geometry, a pyramid is a polyhedron formed by connecting a

polygonal base and a point, called the apex. Each base edge and apex
form a triangle, called a lateral face. It is a conic solid with polygonal
base. A pyramid with an n-sided base has n + 1 vertices, n + 1 faces,
and 2n edges. All pyramids are self-dual.
 TETRAHEDRON

In geometry, a tetrahedron, also known as a triangular pyramid, is a

polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and
four vertex corners. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the ordinary
convex polyhedra and the only one that has fewer than 5 faces.
 COMBINATION OF
SOLIDS

THERE ARE ALSO SOME OTHER KINDS OF SOLIDS WHICH ARE

FORMED OF COMBINATION OF SOME OTHER BASIC SOLIDS.FOR
EXAMPLE A CAPSULE IS A COMBINATION OF A CYLINDER AND
TWO HEMISPHERES AND MANY MORE SOLIDS ARE COMBINATION
OF SOLIDS SUCH AS SEPERATING FUNNEL,TOYS,ETC
HOLIDAY HOMEWORK