EXPLAINING OB

The pirate ship

 PIRATES
Peter Pan novel
by J.M.Barrie

Treasure Island novel

by Robert Louis Stevenson

Pirates of the Caribbean

film
 PIRATES
Peter Pan by J.M.Barrie

Captain Hook
 PIRATES

Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson

Long John Silver

 PIRATES

Pirates of the Caribbean

Captain Jack Sparrow

 PIRATES
Peter Pan novel
by J.M.Barrie

Treasure Island novel

by Robert Louis Stevenson

Pirates of the Caribbean

film
 PIRATE QUIZ
1. Pirates’ main objectives were fighting and killing
T F
2. Pirate crew members were volunteers
T F
3. Pirates joined as much for the high quality of working life on board ship, as
for the money. T F

4. Crew members elected their own captains.

T F

5. Pirate ships operated a workers’ injury, disability and death compensation T F

scheme.

6. All crew members received similar shares of the booty. T F

7. All pirates signed a contract of employment when joining a ship specifying T F

pay, rules and punishments.

8. Life on board a pirate ship was characterized by gambling, stealing, fighting T F

and killing.
T F
9. ‘Walking the plank’ was pirates’ favoured form of punishment.

T F
10. Pirate ships looked for opportunities to battle with merchant ships.
 PIRATE QUIZ
1. T F

T F
2.
T F
3.
4. T F

5. T F

6. T F

7. T F

8. T F

9. T F

10. T F
 PIRATE QUIZ
1. Pirates’ main objectives were fighting and killing
T F
2. Pirate crew members were volunteers
T F
3. Pirates joined as much for the high quality of working life on board ship, as
for the money. T F

4. Crew members elected their own captains.

T F

5. Pirate ships operated a workers’ injury, disability and death compensation T F

scheme.

6. All crew members received similar shares of the booty. T F

7. All pirates signed a contract of employment when joining a ship specifying T F

pay, rules and punishments.

8. Life on board a pirate ship was characterized by gambling, stealing, fighting T F

and killing.
T F
9. ‘Walking the plank’ was pirates’ favoured form of punishment.

10. Pirate ships looked for opportunities to battle with merchant ships. T F
 THE PIRATE SHIP

LECTURE OBJECTIVES

1. Introduce key terms and concepts that permit an analysis of

any organization.

2. Show how these permit an analysis – not only to present,

but also to past organizations.

3. Contrast the myths / hype / ‘spin’/ rhetoric about an

organization with its reality.
THE PIRATE SHIP
KEY TERMS

• Organization
• Organizational effectiveness
• Quality of working life
• Predation
• Paradox of power
• Organizational dilemma
• Hierarchy
• Industrial democracy
• Separation of powers
• Free rider
• Rules
THE PIRATE SHIP

KEY NAME

• Peter Leeson
Merchant and pirate
ships

During 17th and 18th

centuries

Based on documentary
research of historical
records
• Pirates - criminals, torturers, murderers - outlaws

• Pirate ships – were criminal organizations but,

… similar to other organizations
 ORGANIZATION

A social arrangement for achieving

controlled performance in pursuit of
collective goals

OB7: 8
 ORGANIZATION
Social arrangement • Individuals agree to
join together

Controlled • Establishment of a
performance level of operation,
deemed satisfactory

• Aims are shared by

Collective goals
all the members
 ORGANIZATION?
Social Controlled Collective
arrangements performance goals

• Pirate ship   

Pirate ship = Organization

• Pirates - criminals, torturers, murderers - outlaws

• Pirate ships – were criminal organizations but,

… similar to other organizations

• Piracy – a criminal business (like the Mafia) but,

… similar to other businesses (like Tesco)
PIRATE SHIP WAS

More Less
 Merchant Ship Pirate Ship
(owned by investors) (stolen)

crew: 13-17 men crew: 80

4x cannons
5 x crew
MERCHANT SHIP
PIRATES’ OBJECTIVE?
PIRATES’ OBJECTIVE?

Maximizing profit
 PIRATES’ OBJECTIVE?

Profit maximization

was a measure of …
organizational effectiveness
Field map of the organizational behaviour terrain

OB7: 2/14
 ORGANIZATIONAL
EFFECTIVENESS

Relates to organizational productivity,

efficiency, market share, share price,
etc.

OB7: 15
 PIRATES’ OBJECTIVE?

Profit maximization

Fighting and killing - only a means to achieve

objective (if necessary)

This objective provides rationale for all pirate

ship behaviour
 PIRATE QUIZ
1. Pirates’ main objectives were fighting and killing
T F
2. Pirate crew members were volunteers
T F
3. Pirates joined as much for the high quality of working life on board ship, as
for the money. T F

4. Crew members elected their own captains.

T F

5. Pirate ships operated a workers’ injury, disability and death compensation T F

scheme.

6. All crew members received similar shares of the booty. T F

7. All pirates signed a contract of employment when joining a ship specifying T F

pay, rules and punishments.

8. Life on board a pirate ship was characterized by gambling, stealing, fighting T F

and killing.
T F
9. ‘Walking the plank’ was pirates’ favoured form of punishment.

T F
10. Pirate ships looked for opportunities to battle with merchant ships.
 PROFIT MAXIMIZATION

To maximize profits,
Keep income up
Keep costs down
 PROFIT MAXIMIZATION

What does every successful company

need, in ‘people terms’ ?
 ‘PEOPLE’ REQUIREMENTS FOR
PROFIT MAXIMIZATION

1. Recruitment of high quality employees

2. Good leadership

3. Good conditions of employment

4. Good working environment

 ‘PEOPLE’ REQUIREMENTS FOR
PROFIT MAXIMIZATION

1. Recruitment of high quality employees (come)

2. Good leadership (directed)

3. Good conditions of employment (stay)

4. Good working environment (achieve)

 ‘PEOPLE’ REQUIREMENTS FOR
PROFIT MAXIMIZATION

1. Recruitment of high quality employees

2. Good leadership

3. Good conditions of employment

4. Good working environment

1. Recruitment of high quality employees
1. Recruitment of high quality employees

Virtually all pirates were volunteers

– Not conscripts
– Not press-ganged (explain)
Why?

Volunteers work harder than pressed

men
Volunteers work won’t ‘turn you in’

Objective? Profit maximization

 STORY p.136

Carpenter Cheeseman

the 7 conscripts

and pirate Captain John Phillips

 PIRATE QUIZ
1. Pirates’ main objectives were fighting and killing
T F
2. Pirate crew members were volunteers
T F
3. Pirates joined as much for the high quality of working life on board ship, as
for the money. T F

4. Crew members elected their own captains.

T F

5. Pirate ships operated a workers’ injury, disability and death compensation T F

scheme.

6. All crew members received similar shares of the booty. T F

7. All pirates signed a contract of employment when joining a ship specifying T F

pay, rules and punishments.

8. Life on board a pirate ship was characterized by gambling, stealing, fighting T F

and killing.
T F
9. ‘Walking the plank’ was pirates’ favoured form of punishment.

T F
10. Pirate ships looked for opportunities to battle with merchant ships.
1. Recruitment of high quality (volunteer) employees

Money (+) Injury (-)

No predation (+) Death (-)
1. Recruitment of high quality (volunteer) employees

MONEY
Anglo-American merchant ship seaman: £12 per year

Deep water pirate: £1,200, £12,000 per year

DEFINITION

PREDATION
Captain

– depriving seaman of his wages for minor

infractions
– depriving seaman of food or drink to
increase own or reduce running costs
– excessive / vindictive punishments
 QWL

Merchant Ship
Pirate Ship
Field map of the organizational behaviour terrain

OB7: 2/14
DEFINITION

QUALITY OF WORKING LIFE

Relates to an individual’s motivation,

morale, job satisfaction, desire to stay with
the company, etc.

OB7: p.16
1. Recruitment of high quality (volunteer) employees

Money (+) Injury (-)

No predation (+) Death (-)
Pirate’s health and safety dangers

Injury - loss of limb in battle

Missing eye Missing hand Missing leg

(patch) (hook) (peg)
Pirate’s health and safety dangers

Death

killed in battle hanged by government

1. Recruitment of high quality (volunteer) employees

Quality of working life

Money (+) Injury (-)
No predation (+) Death (-)
 PIRATE QUIZ
1. Pirates’ main objectives were fighting and killing
T F
2. Pirate crew members were volunteers
T F
3. Pirates joined as much for the high quality of working life on board ship, as
for the money. T F

4. Crew members elected their own captains.

T F

5. Pirate ships operated a workers’ injury, disability and death compensation T F

scheme.

6. All crew members received similar shares of the booty. T F

7. All pirates signed a contract of employment when joining a ship specifying T F

pay, rules and punishments.

8. Life on board a pirate ship was characterized by gambling, stealing, fighting T F

and killing.
T F
9. ‘Walking the plank’ was pirates’ favoured form of punishment.

T F
10. Pirate ships looked for opportunities to battle with merchant ships.
 ‘PEOPLE’ REQUIREMENTS FOR
PROFIT MAXIMIZATION

1. Recruitment of high quality employees

2. Good leadership

3. Good conditions of employment

4. Good working environment

2. Good leadership
 2. Good leadership

Capable Chief Executive Officer (CEO) or

Managing Director (MD) at the helm !

Trusted to act in ways that benefit all

employees. not just him / herself
(fat cat salaries, undeserved bonuses, fraudulent reporting of
company performance)
 2. Good leadership

Paradox of power

Predation

Prevents pirates’ ability to co-operate

for co-ordinated plunder
DEFINITION

PARADOX OF POWER
The need for authority and leadership in
organizations generates a strong
incentives to abuse that power
 2. Good leadership

Paradox of power

Predation

Prevents pirates’ ability to co-operate

for co-ordinated plunder
DEFINITION

PREDATION
Captain

– depriving seaman of his wages for minor

infractions
– depriving seaman of food or drink to
increase own or reduce running costs
– excessive / vindictive punishments
LEADERSHIP
REQUIREMENT

Every pirate ship required a leader to decide

– How to engage a potential target

– How to chase a target
– How to react if attacked

Need for autocratic decision-making style

– No debate
– No group discussion
– No consensus voting

BUT paradox of power

How to solve problem?
 Captain in battle

Captain was only in command of the pirate ship:

– When attacking another ship
– When another ship was pursing / attacking them

At all other times, he worked as an ordinary

crew member
Historically incorrect – Hollywood myth
 Captain election

• Several captain candidates

• 1 pirate = 1 vote

• Incompetent / incapable captains

were dismissed and replaced
(13x in one voyage)

• Some crews physically punished

their captains for misdemeanours
Captains’

– lodgings on board ship

– provisions (food, drink)
– share of booty (1½ share)

were similar to that of ordinary crew

PIRATE SHIP
QUALITY OF (PIRATE) WORKING LIFE

Pirate crew could dismiss and replace

their boss!

Elected captain served his own interests by

serving those of his shipmate ‘constituents’
(pirate crew)
 Captain election

• Elected captains could not predate other crew

members

• Management and workers’ incentives were

aligned

• No organizational dilemma

• Facilitated crew co-operation

• Helped to maximize profit

DEFINITION

ORGANIZATIONAL DILEMMA

How to reconcile inconsistency between

individual needs and aspirations on the
one hand, and the collective purpose of
the organization on the other

OB7: 11
 Captain election

• Elected captains could not predate other crew

members

• Management and workers’ incentives were

aligned

• No organizational dilemma

Facilitated crew co-operation

Contributed to profit maximization
 PIRATE QUIZ
1. Pirates’ main objectives were fighting and killing
T F
2. Pirate crew members were volunteers
T F
3. Pirates joined as much for the high quality of working life on board ship, as
for the money. T F

4. Crew members elected their own captains. T F

T F
5. Pirate ships operated a workers’ injury, disability and death compensation
scheme.
T F
6. All crew members received similar shares of the booty.
T F
7. All pirates signed a contract of employment when joining a ship specifying
pay, rules and punishments.
T F
8. Life on board a pirate ship was characterized by gambling, stealing, fighting
and killing.
T F
9. ‘Walking the plank’ was pirates’ favoured form of punishment.

T F
10. Pirate ships looked for opportunities to battle with merchant ships.
2. Good leadership

Organizational hierarchy
 HIERARCHY

The number of levels of authority to be

found in an organization.

OB7: 459
HIERARCHICAL LEVELS
PIRATE SHIP HIERARCHY?
7 HIERARCHICAL LEVELS
TWO HIERARCHICAL LEVELS

owner

workers
 MERCHANT SHIP
THREE HIERARCHICAL LEVELS

captain
officers

seamen
 PIRATE SHIP
NO HIERARCHAL LEVELS
 PIRATE SHIP
NO HIERARCHAL LEVELS

Intermittent captain
INDUSTRIAL DEMOCRACY

An arrangement which involves workers

making decisions, sharing responsibility
and authority in the workplace.
 IN NON-BATTLE

Every pirate ship required someone to

– Maintain order on board

– Distribute victuals (food and drink) to seamen
– Administer punishments to the unruly
2. Good leadership

Paradox of power

Predation danger

How to solve problem?

2. Good leadership

Paradox of power

Predation danger

Separation of power
DEFINITION

SEPARATION OF POWER

Dividing powers and assigning them to

different individuals so as to create
checks and balances in their exercise.
 SEPARATION OF POWER

Making laws Parliament

Catching law breakers Police

Judging and sentencing Courts and juries

IN NON-BATTLE
THE QUARTERMASTER

The Quartermaster

– Maintained order on board

– Allocated provisions to seamen
– Administered punishments to unruly
– Selected and distributed loot among crew
– Watched over prisoners until their fate decided
– Mediated / adjudicated in disputes on board
 Separation of powers

Election of Election of
captain quartermaster
 Separation of powers

In battle situation only In non-battle situation continuously

captain quartermaster
 ‘PEOPLE’ REQUIREMENTS FOR
PROFIT MAXIMIZATION

1. Recruitment of high quality employees

2. Good leadership

3. Good conditions of employment

4. Good working environment

3. Conditions of employment
 3. Conditions of employment
Arranged to persuade them to:
• Diligently do their daily duties
• Give their all in battle
• Extract loot from victims

Arranged to dissuade them from

• Avoiding most onerous daily work tasks (accidents on

board)
• Holding back in battle, letting the other guy go in front
(death, injury)

AVOID ‘free riders’

DEFINITION

FREE RIDER
A member who obtains benefits from
team membership without bearing a
proportional share of the costs for
generating that benefit.

OB7: 364
 3. Conditions of employment
Persuade them to:
• Diligently do their daily duties
• Give their all in battle
• Extract loot from victims

Dissuade them from

• Avoiding most onerous daily work tasks (accidents on

board)
• Holding back in battle, letting the other guy go in front
(death, injury)

How to solve the problem?’

 HOW?

• Social insurance scheme

• Performance related bonus scheme

• Loot sharing scheme

 3. Conditions of employment

• Social insurance scheme

• Performance related bonus scheme

• Contract-based, loot sharing scheme

 Social insurance scheme

Publick Stock

A sum of money removed before the loot was divided up

between pirates

Used to compensate and reward individual pirates in

performance of their duties
Social insurance scheme

1. Injury Benefit
Captain Roberts’ crew (article IX) stated

If any man should lose a limb, or become a

cripple in their service, he was to have $800,
out of publick stock, and for less hurts,
proportionally
Pirate’s health and safety dangers

Injury - loss of limb in battle

Missing eye Missing hand Missing leg

(patch) (hook) (peg)
Value of appendages for pirate work
Social insurance scheme

2. Disability Benefit
On-going payment

He that shall have the misfortune to lose a

limb in time of engagement, shall have the
sum of 150 pounds sterling annually, and
remain with the company, as long as he shall
think fit.
Social insurance scheme

3. Death Benefit

If a pirate died on the job, his family received

$15,000
 PIRATE QUIZ
1. Pirates’ main objectives were fighting and killing
T F
2. Pirate crew members were volunteers
T F
3. Pirates joined as much for the high quality of working life on board ship, as
for the money. T F

4. Crew members elected their own captains.

T F

5. Pirate ships operated a workers’ injury, disability and death compensation T F

scheme.

6. All crew members received similar shares of the booty. T F

7. All pirates signed a contract of employment when joining a ship specifying T F

pay, rules and punishments.

8. Life on board a pirate ship was characterized by gambling, stealing, fighting T F

and killing.
T F
9. ‘Walking the plank’ was pirates’ favoured form of punishment.

10. Pirate ships looked for opportunities to battle with merchant ships. T F
 3. Conditions of employment

• Social insurance scheme

• Performance related bonus scheme

• Loot sharing
Performance related bonus scheme

1. Battle bonus
Those who behaved courageously and
performed any deed of extraordinary
valour in battle, or captured a ship, would
be rewarded out of common plunder
Performance related bonus scheme

2. Spotting bonus
Bonus to those who first spotted potential target ships

He that sees a sail first, shall have the best pistol or

small arm, on board her, over and above his dividend
Conditions of employment

• Social insurance scheme

• Performance related bonus scheme

• Loot sharing
 Loot sharing

Pirate contracts, signed on joining, defined

each pirate’s financial compensation (division
of loot)

– Prevented officers preying on seamen

(predation)

– Circumscribed quartermaster's authority in

loot division

– Prevented conflict between crew

Contract-based, loot sharing

Loot sharing
Pirate democracy ensured all crew
members (including captain) received
the same or similar share of the loot
Pirate ship was a sea-going, workers’ cooperative

Each crew member was an equal contributor and

part-owner of the firm.
 PIRATE QUIZ
1. Pirates’ main objectives were fighting and killing
T F
2. Pirate crew members were volunteers
T F
3. Pirates joined as much for the high quality of working life on board ship, as
for the money. T F

4. Crew members elected their own captains.

T F

5. Pirate ships operated a workers’ injury, disability and death compensation T F

scheme.

6. All crew members received similar shares of the booty. T F

7. All pirates signed a contract of employment when joining a ship specifying T F

pay, rules and punishments.

8. Life on board a pirate ship was characterized by gambling, stealing, fighting T F

and killing.
T F
9. ‘Walking the plank’ was pirates’ favoured form of punishment.

T F
10. Pirate ships looked for opportunities to battle with merchant ships.
 ‘PEOPLE’ REQUIREMENTS FOR
PROFIT MAXIMIZATION

1. Recruitment of high quality employees

2. Good leadership

3. Good conditions of employment

4. Good working environment

4. Good working environment

A pirate ship had to eliminate:

• Disorderly

• Disagreeable employee behaviour

• Violent delinquent

A pirate ship had to create:

• Orderly
• Co-operative workforce
• Peaceful
• Honest
For profit maximization
 4. Good working environment
How to prevent conflict between crew
members?

How to encourage co-operation between

crew members

How to maintain order on board ship

How to solve the problem?’

 PIRATE RULE BOOK
(Pirate Code – Code of Conduct)
While pirates were outlaws and lawless,
they were not without rules

Like all organizations, a pirate ship

required:
– Rules
– Regulations
– Punishments for rule breakers
DEFINITION

RULES
Procedures or obligations explicitly stated
and written down in organization manuals.

OB7: 479
 Pirate Code
Required the unanimous consent of all
pirate crew members.

They swore on a bible or axe

Signed articles of agreement
 PIRATE QUIZ
1. Pirates’ main objectives were fighting and killing
T F
2. Pirate crew members were volunteers
T F
3. Pirates joined as much for the high quality of working life on board ship, as
for the money. T F

4. Crew members elected their own captains.

T F

5. Pirate ships operated a workers’ injury, disability and death compensation T F

scheme.

6. All crew members received similar shares of the booty. T F

7. All pirates signed a contract of employment when joining a ship specifying T F

pay, rules and punishments.

8. Life on board a pirate ship was characterized by gambling, stealing, fighting T F

and killing.
T F
9. ‘Walking the plank’ was pirates’ favoured form of punishment.

T F
10. Pirate ships looked for opportunities to battle with merchant ships.
 Pirate Code
1. No drunks disturbing sleeping sailors
 Pirate Code
2. No bringing women or young boys on
board
 Pirate Code
3. Captured women not to be molested
 Pirate Code
4. Each pirate’s share of booty agreed
upon
 Pirate Code
5. Death for anyone killing or stealing from
another pirate.
 Pirate Code
6. Trial before punishment, with crew as
jury.
 Pirate Code
7. Punishments fit the crime

No share
of loot flogging tied to mast
 Pirate Code
7. Punishments fit the crime

Keelhauling marooning
(death) (death)
Marooned with two sea turtles
Pirate Code
Pirate Code
 Pirate Code
8. No lighted lamps, firing pistols, smoking
below decks

ammunition
 Pirate Code
9. No gambling on board
1. No drunks disturbing sleeping sailors
2. No bringing women or young boys on board
3. Captured women not to be molested
4. Each pirate’s share of booty agreed upon
5. Death for killing or stealing from another pirate.
6. Trial before punishment, with crew as jury.
7. Punishments fit the crime
8. No lighted lamps, firing pistols, smoking below decks
9. No gambling on board
4. Good working environment
Rules

• Prevented conflict between crew members

• Encouraged co-operative between crew

members

• Maintained order on board ship

 PIRATE QUIZ
1. Pirates’ main objectives were fighting and killing
T F
2. Pirate crew members were volunteers
T F
3. Pirates joined as much for the high quality of working life on board ship, as
for the money. T F

4. Crew members elected their own captains.

T F

5. Pirate ships operated a workers’ injury, disability and death compensation T F

scheme.

6. All crew members received similar shares of the booty. T F

7. All pirates signed a contract of employment when joining a ship specifying T F

pay, rules and punishments.

8. Life on board a pirate ship was characterized by gambling, stealing, fighting T F

and killing.
T F
9. ‘Walking the plank’ was pirates’ favoured form of punishment.

T F
10. Pirate ships looked for opportunities to battle with merchant ships.
PIRATES SPOILING FOR A FIGHT?
• Numerically superior to target (80 v 15 men)
• Superior strength (multiple cannons)
• Pirate image:
– Blood-thirsty
– Battle-loving
– Fiendish curs

• Suggests:
– Looking for good brawl
– Booming cannons!
– Clashing cutlasses
PIRATES AVOIDED ARMED CONFLICT

Why?
ARMED CONFLICT INCREASED
‘COSTS OF PRODUCTION’

How?
ARMED CONFLICT INCREASED
‘COSTS OF PRODUCTION’
Crew casualties
– compensation payments triggered – reduced dividend

Damage to pirate ship

– reduced its ‘chase’ ability for target ship
– required dangerous ‘land’ repairs

Damage to target ship

– Sink the ship with its loot onboard
– Prevented ‘trading up’ to better pirate ship

Damaged profit maximization

 IDEALLY

• Sneak up on a target ship

• Merchant ship surrenders without a fight
• Location of loot is revealed by victim
• Loot is selected by pirates
• Pirates leave
• No shots fired

How?
HOW TO AVOID ARMED CONFLICT
- reputation and branding

Reputation for Reputation

bizarre torture for madness
Pirate Code

Too kind, too quick

Reputation bizarre torture

Cooked alive
Reputation bizarre torture

Eat own cooked ears

Reputation bizarre torture

Cut of lips
Reputation bizarre torture

Matches between fingers

Reputation bizarre torture

Male genitalia (Leeson, p.113)

 PIRATE QUIZ
1. Pirates’ main objectives were fighting and killing
T F
2. Pirate crew members were volunteers
T F
3. Pirates joined as much for the high quality of working life on board ship, as
for the money. T F

4. Crew members elected their own captains.

T F

5. Pirate ships operated a workers’ injury, disability and death compensation T F

scheme.

6. All crew members received similar shares of the booty. T F

7. All pirates signed a contract of employment when joining a ship specifying T F

pay, rules and punishments.

8. Life on board a pirate ship was characterized by gambling, stealing, fighting T F

and killing.
T F
9. ‘Walking the plank’ was pirates’ favoured form of punishment.
T F
10. Pirate ships looked for opportunities to battle with merchant ships.
HOW TO AVOID ARMED CONFLICT
- reputation and branding

Reputation for mercy Numerical

for those who and armed
surrendered peacefully advantage
HOW TO AVOID ARMED CONFLICT
- reputation and branding

Jolly Roger flag (brand)

 STORY p.98

Merchant ship Captain Wyer and the

Spanish v pirates
 PIRATE QUIZ
1. Pirates’ main objectives were fighting and killing
T F
2. Pirate crew members were volunteers
T F
3. Pirates joined as much for the high quality of working life on board ship, as
for the money. T F

4. Crew members elected their own captains.

T F

5. Pirate ships operated a workers’ injury, disability and death compensation T F

scheme.

6. All crew members received similar shares of the booty. T F

7. All pirates signed a contract of employment when joining a ship specifying T F

pay, rules and punishments.

8. Life on board a pirate ship was characterized by gambling, stealing, fighting T F

and killing.
T F
9. ‘Walking the plank’ was pirates’ favoured form of punishment.

10. Pirate ships looked for opportunities to battle with merchant ships. T F
THE PIRATE SHIP

LECTURE SUMMARY

1. Pirate ships were criminal businesses which shared the

organizational problems of legitimate businesses.

2. Pirates developed democratic solutions to their problems

which were ahead of Western societies and companies -
to this day.

3. Similar analysis, using key terms, can help us understand

all organizations – Tesco, Mafia, Microsoft, NHS, this
university.