TECHNONOGICAL

ENVIRONMENT AND UNIT 3:

NATURAL
ENVIRONMENT
IMPORTANT TOPICS
Science Vs Technology
Implication of Technology on Society-Economic-Plant level (VERY IMPORTANT)
Management of Technology
Technology Planning and Technology Management
Indigenous Technology and Technology Acquisition
And lots and lots of Examples of technology (in detail)
Outcomes of Paris climate agreement
Environment Protection Act 1986
Natural environment and its impact on business (USE YOUR BRAIN)
MANAGEMENT OF
TECHNOLOGY
Every company employs technology of some sort which has to be managed. It is one
resource which influences the entire gamut of business management operations viz,
human resource management, financial management, engineering, manufacturing,
marketing etc. more intensively than any other factor. This is primarily due to:
Shorter life cycles of technology (i.e., the rate of technological obsolescence becoming
significantly high)
Globalisation of market (i.e., business needs have to be viewed in global context)
Business becoming more and more technology-driven rather than market-driven
Multifold increase in technology trade (i.e., technology becoming an international commodity)
Emergence of faster communication networks and information technologies (ideas know no
national barriers)
Significant reduction of time between innovation and commercialization of innovative products
Fueling of competition through liberalisation of economies
Research and development becoming extremely capital and skill intensive
THEREFORE TECHNOLOGY PLANNING
BECOMES ESSENTIAL.

The first task in planning for technology is identification of key technologies with
reference to company, which are crucial to its business operations, necessary
financial and human resources must be committed in the company for the
development of these technologies. The next step in technology planning is
upgradation and prepare for change instead of being overtaken by surprises.
Thus there are two main routes for technology upgradation:
Technology acquisition
Indigenous development through R&D
TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION

A company must therefore, assess both its short-term and long-term technology needs
and choose a strategy of indigenous development or acquisition depending upon the
market/business needs.
Acquisition of Technology is preferred where:
1. Technology gap is high and in-house R&D is expected to be too costly and time
consuming
2. Technology is available easily on attractive terms. Indian competitors have access to
contemporary technology either through collaborations or through their principals
(in case of Multinational or Joint Venture companies)
3. Customers prefer a particular technology or insist on back-up guarantee from a
collaborator.
IN-HOUSE DEVELOPMENT
OF TECHNOLOGY OF
PREFERRED WHERE
1. Gap is narrow to enable in-house development on time
2. There is not much competition in the are aor market is still in the nascent stage
3. Technology is not available commercially
4. Technology acquisition cost is prohibitive
5. Sufficient skills/expertise are available in-house/in the country to undertake
indigenous development
6. Cost of indigenous R&D, including demonstration plant/prototype etc is within
reasonable limits.
TECHNOLOGY
MANAGEMENT
Technology management is a set of management disciplines that allows organizations to
manage their technological fundamentals to create competitive advantage. Typical concepts
used in technology management are:
technology strategy (a logic or role of technology in organization),
technology forecasting (identification of possible relevant technologies for the
organization, possibly through technology scouting), Technology scouting is an element of
technology management in which emerging technologies are identified, technology related
information is channeled into an organization, and supports the acquisition of technologies
technology roadmap (mapping technologies to business and market needs), and
technology project portfolio (a set of projects under development) and technology portfolio
(a set of technologies in use).
INSTITUTIONS PROMOTING
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
IN INDIA
1. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research(DSIR)
2. national Research Development Corporation (NRDC)
3. Department of Science and Technology (DST)
4. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR)
5. Department of Biotechnology
6. Department of space(DOS)
7. Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)
8. Department of Electronics(DOE)
9. Department of Defense R&D
10. Ministry if Industry
11. Department of Mines
12. Department of Ocean development
13. Venture Capital companies for Technology Development
PARIS CLIMATE
AGREEMENT
ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
ACT 1986
An Act to provide for the protection and improvement of environment and for matters connected there with:
WHEREAS the decisions were taken at the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held at
Stockholm in June, 1972, in which India participated, to take appropriate steps for the protection and
improvement of human environment;
AND WHEREAS it is considered necessary further to implement the decisions aforesaid in so far as they
relate to the protection and improvement of environment and the prevention of hazards to human beings,
other living creatures, plants and property;
Premises of the Act
It is now generally accepted that environment is threatened by a wide variety of human activities ranging
from the instinctive drive to reproduce its kind to the restless urge of improving the standards of living,
development of technological solutions to this end, the vast amount of waste, both natural and chemical, that
these advances produce. Paradoxically, this urge to grow and develop, which was initially uncontrolled is
now widely perceived to be threatening as it results in the depletion of both living and non-living natural
resources and life support systems. The air, water, land, living creatures as well as the environment in
general is becoming polluted at an alarming rate that needs to be controlled and curbed as soon as possible.
JUST IN CASE ;)

THANK YOU
PLEASE HAVE AN IDEA ON TYPES OF POLLUTION FOR WHICH YOU ARE
RESPONSIBLE
AND HOW PRIVITISATION IS EFFECTING YOU AND YOUR COUNTRY