Lab 03

INTRODUCTION TO TOOL OFFSETTING,

TOOL NOSE RADIUS (TNR) AND TOOL
LENGTH COMPENSATION
 Why Tool Offsetting….?
• Ability to manufacture accurate parts.
• Dimensional errors can be immediately
detected and avoided
 Tool Offsetting
• The distance from the center of the tool tips to the
job origin along X, Y, and Z- axis is called tool
offsetting.
• After a program is written, the control has to be told
about placement of tools in the pockets of magazine.
Tool offsets are used by the control to position the
tool and know where it is.
• ATC (automatic tool changer) of CNC milling machine
placed at IED,UET Peshawar has 26 pockets in
magazine.
Tool offsetting
 Types of Tool Offsetting
• Cutter Radius(or Diameter) Compensation
• Tool Nose Radius Compensation
• Tool Length Compensation
What is tool compensation??
 Tool Offsetting
• Tool offsets: Programming on a CNC
machine is always done according to the
center point of the cutter. Tool offsets are the
set of values that move the center point of the
cutter to the correct position for cutting a
work piece using a specific tool.
• The machine must be informed the amount
the machine zero and component zero point.
 Tool Offsetting
• Length Offset: The value which is given in the
offset table  as negative distance between the tip
of the tool to the top of the part. In such case Z
Work Offset will equal zero.
• Diameter Offset: The value which is given to
compensate the coordinate from the center of the
tool to the periphery is known as diameter offset.
• Wear Offset: The value which is given to
compensate the worn out of the tool is known as
wear offset.
 Steps in Tool Offsetting
1. Establishing the offsets: This is done in the Job
mode before the program is run
2. Call the tool offset and establishes what the
location is: This is done in the program you have
written and used when the program is run.
3. Adjust the offset: This is done while you are
running a program and find the tool is not located
where you want it.
Tool Offset Number Z Radius/Diameter
1 -50 5/10
2
3
 Tool Offsetting
• Offsetting data remained save, even machine
shut down.
• The code that use for tool offsetting is G43 H__,
where H is the tool number.
 Tool Diameter Compensation
• Accuracy of finished surface depends upon
cutter accuracy (cutter diameter matches
programmed sizes).
 Tool Nose Radius
• The tool nose is generally rounded and so a
hypothetical tool nose point is treated as the tool
nose for programming .
• An error caused by the tool rounding arises during
taper cutting or arc interpolation between the
actually programmed shape and the cutting shape.
• Nose R or Tool radius compensation is a function for
automatically calculating and offsetting this error by
setting the nose radius or tool radius value.
• When Turning taper or radii, TNR leaves
excess material
Tool Nose Radius
Programming Format:
G40 = Nose R/Tool radius compensation mode cancel
G41 = Nose R/Tool radius compensation left mode ON
G42 = Nose R/Tool radius compensation right mode ON
 Tool Length Compensation
• Remembering exact length of each tool calculating Z axis
positions based on the tool's length is tedious.
• TLC allows the programmer to forget about each tool's
length as the program is written.
• The programmer simply instates tool length
compensation on each tool's first Z axis approach
movement to the work piece.
• At the machine during setup, the operator will enter the
tool length compensation value for each tool in the
corresponding offset file of controller memory.
• Tool can be measured in a tool length measurement gage
to minimize setup time.
Tool Length Compensation
 Tool Length Compensation
During machining, replacement of tools only
changes Z-axis value in offset file while the X,
and Y-axis are remain unchanged even the
diameter of the tool is too large.
 Tool Length Compensation
• Tools of different lengths are used in
machining of parts.
• Extremely tedious to took consideration of
lengths every time in program.
Tool Length Compensation
Tool Length Compensation