HIV and AIDS at Work Place.

Body Fluids With High Concentration Of HIV

virus.
Body fluids with high concentration of HIV
include ;- -> i) Blood
->ii) Semen
->iii) Vaginal fluids
->iv) Breast milk.
-> v) Cerebrospinal fluid
 The Normal lmmune System
Protects the body from disease
• Consists of lymphoid organs and tissues that produce
lymphocytes and immune molecules
• T-lymphocytes are responsible for cellular immunity
• Play role in defence against viral, fungal, bacterial infections
• B-lymphocytes recognize specific antigen targets and secrete
specific antibodies
• CD4 receptors are found on:
• Helper T-lymphocytes
• Macrophages
• Dendritic cells, stem cells and langerhans cells
IMMUNE SYSTEM
CD4 Cells.
 7 Stages of Life Cycle of HIV.
The seven stages of the HIV life cycle are:-
• 1) binding,
• 2) fusion,
• 3) reverse transcription,
• 4) integration,
• 5) replication,
• 6) assembly, and
• 7) budding.
To understand each stage in the HIV life cycle, it helps to first
imagine what HIV looks like.
Life Cycle Of HIV.
 What is the HIV life cycle?

• HIV attacks and destroys the CD4 cells of the immune

system.
• CD4 cells are a type of white blood cell that play a
major role in protecting the body from infection.
• HIV uses the machinery of the CD4 cells to multiply
(make copies of itself) and spread throughout the
body.
• This process, which is carried out in seven steps or
stages, is called the HIV life cycle.
 HIV and AIDS IN TANZANIA
2016.

• 1.4 million people are living with HIV and AIDS

• 4.7% -Adult HIV prevalence.
• 55,000 -New HIV infections.
• 63% -Adults are on ARV Treatment.
• 48% -Children are on ARV Treatment.
HIV & AIDS------------2017
 Key Findings
•Five percent of Tanzanian adults age
15-49 are HIV-positive.
• Six percent of Tanzanian women
and 4 percent of Tanzania men are
infected with HIV.
• HIV prevalence is higher in urban
areas than in rural areas (7 percent
versus 4 percent), and is higher in
Mainland Tanzania (5 percent) than
in Zanzibar(1 percent).
HIV prevalence is higher among
respondents who reported having had
a sexually transmitted infection (STI) or
STI symptoms in the past 12 months
than among those who did not.
Male Circumcision And Hiv Prevalence
• Men age 15-49 who were circumcised were
less likely to be HIV positive than those who
were uncircumcised (3 percent versus 5
percent, respectively).
• Male circumcision is assumed to reduce the
risk of HIV infection, Several studies
conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa- South
Africa, Kenya, and Uganda have documented
that the protective effect of male
circumcision is significant.
TRENDS OF HIV.
 Timing of transmission )
(MOTHER TO CHILD)

• Pregnancy ---------- (10%)

• Delivery ------- (20%)

• Breastfeeding ----- (10%)

06/07/2020 (MTCT)
 Cohabitating Couples
• More than 3,000 cohabitating couples were
tested for HIV in the 2011-12 THMIS. In 93
percent of couples, both partners were HIV
negative. In 2 percent of couples, both
partners were HIV positive.
• 5 percent of couples were discordant, that is,
one partner was infected with HIV and the
other was not.
 ARV Drugs VS HIV Life Cycle
What is the connection between the HIV life cycle and HIV
medicines?
• Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the use of HIV medicines to treat HIV
infection.
• People on ART take a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV
regimen) every day.
• HIV medicines protect the immune system by blocking HIV at
different stages of the HIV life cycle.
• HIV medicines are grouped into different drug classes according to
how they fight HIV.
• Each class of drugs is designed to target a specific step in the HIV
life cycle.
• HIV regimen includes HIV medicines from at least two
different HIV drug classes,
• ART is very effective at preventing HIV from multiplying.
• Having less HIV in the body protects the immune system
and prevents HIV from advancing to AIDS.
• ART also reduces the risk of HIV drug resistance.
• ART can’t cure HIV, but HIV medicines help people with
HIV live longer, healthier lives.
• HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission
(the spread of HIV to others).
BEFORE And AFTER ART
USE
 Matokeo ya Tiba

Kupunguza VVU.

Kuimarisha kinga.

Kumuwezesha muathirika afanye kazi zake za kila siku.

ART SAVES
LIFE.