SOCIAL CONTEXT OF SECOND

LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
By : Mufidatun Nadhiroh
NIM : 17012095
SOCIAL CONTEXT OF SECOND
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
 Communicative Competence
 Microsocial Factors
 Macrosocial Factors
Communicative Competence

Communicative competence is a term in linguistics which

refers to a language user's grammatical knowledge of syntax
, morphology, phonology and the like, as well as social
knowledge about how and when to use utterances
appropriately. The communicative competence model is
used to teach and learn foreign languages and is the result of
multiple linguists efforts.
 The Four Components Of
Communicative Competence
 Linguistic competence – the knowledge of the language code
(grammatical rules, vocabulary, pronunciation, spelling, etc.). 
 Sociolinguistic competence – the mastery of the sociocultural code of
language use (appropriate application of vocabulary, register, politeness
and style in a given situation).
 Discourse competence – the ability to combine language sturctures into
different types of cohesive texts (e.g., political speech, poetry). 
 Strategic competence – the knowledge of verbal and non-verbal
communication strategies which enhance the efficiency of communication
and, where necessary, enable the learner to overcome difficulties when
communication breakdowns occur.
 Microsocial Factors
The microsocial focus deals with the potential effects of different immediately
surrounding circumstances.
One of the most important contributions of sociolinguistics (beginning with Labov
Variation In 1965). For example, native speakers of English may say: I ate dinner or I ate supper
Learner (variable vocabulary); She was coming or She was comin’ (variable phonology); She
Languange has sewed or She has sewn (variable morphology); and That is a big book or That a
big book (variable syntax); and they may respond to an introduction with Hi or I am
very pleased to meet you (variable discourse).

Behaviorist learning theories consider input to form the necessary stimuli and
Input and
feedback which learners respond to and imitate. Social approaches also consider the
Interaction
nature and role of interaction in acquisition, and ways in which it is helpful – and
perhaps necessary – for the development of advanced levels of L2 proficiency

An alternative view of the role of interaction in SLA is based on Sociocultural (S-C)

Theory (Vygotsky 1962, 1978). A key concept in this approach is that interaction not
Interaction as the only facilitates language learning but is a causative force in acquisition; further, all of
Genesis of learning is seen as essentially a social process which is grounded in sociocultural
language settings.
 Macrosocial Factors
  Macrosocial Factors
The macrosocial focus relates SLA to broader cultural,
political, and educational environments

Global National Status Circumstances of

Social Categories
of L1 and L2 Learning

People are categorized according

Languages have power and We begin with learners’ prior
to many socially relevant
status at global and national educational experiences. By
dimensions: e.g. age, sex,
levels for both symbolic and the time children begin their
ethnicity, education level,
practical reasons. An formal education at the age
occupation, and economic status.
important symbolic function of five or six, they have
Such categorization often
of language is political already internalized many of
influences what experiences they
identification and cohesion. the basic values and beliefs
have, how they are perceived by
for example, where English of their native culture,
others, and what is expected of
is generally accepted as the learned the rules of behavior
them. When they are L2 learners,
single national language, which are considered
members of different social
and most people consider it appropriate for their role in
categories frequently experience
important for national unity the community, and
different learning conditions, and
that all citizens be able to established the procedures
different attitudes or perceptions
use one language. for continued socialization.
from within both native and target
language communities.
THANK YOU..!!!