Review: Capital

in the 21 st

Century
PART I: AN INTRODUCTION TO WEALTH AND CAPITAL

Jamshed Ahmad
SAP ID: 21080
Dr. Abdul Wahid

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 Introduction

The main purpose of the paper is to investigate the impact of

internal physical work environment on the performance of workers.

Employees who are more satisfied in their physical work

environment tend to perform better and are more productive for a
company.

Organizations require to invest resources to ensure that the physical

working environment is pleasant and employee-friendly

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 Working
Environmen
t

A proper and desirable

working environment contain
both physical and emotionally
safe environment motivate
employee to perform their
duty and task at work (Anitha,
2014).
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 Employee
Performanc
e

Employee performance
is one of the key
success factors for
organizations that they
use to advance
competition, give in to The job related
their demands and activities expected of
continue to earn profits a worker and how well
(Zafar, Karim, & Abbas, those activities were
2017). executed.

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• The physical environment comprises a part of tangible workplace
environment that consist of employee’s working conditions and it
is the important factor formulate in an office.

• The working environment plays an important role in encouraging

employees to carry out their work.

• The physical environment has a significant link to the performance

of workers.

• Physical work environment is a significant factor which has an

impact on work performance of employee.

• Ventilation
• Office equipment
• physical comfort
• Office design
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 Authors Year Variables Relations

Ali et al., 2018

Kämpf-Dern & Konkol 2017

Pawirosumarto et al., 2017

Khoso, et al., 2016 Working Environment & Employee

Performance Positive

Anitha, 2014

Kamarulzaman et al., 2011

AL-Anzi, 2009

Vischer, 2007

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 Hypothesis

Hypothesis 1.
Ventilation is positively related to
employee performance.

Hypothesis 2.
Office Equipment is positively impact performance
of employees.

Hypothesis 3.
aesthetic office design improved the performance of
employees.

Hypothesis 4.
physical comfort improved the performance of
employees/ positively associated with the physical
working performance.
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 Methodology
Framework, Sample, & Procedures

- Emerald Insight, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Taylor and Francis
- Keywords; work environment, physical workplace, employee performance, job performance

- Positivism philosophy - Population public and private companies

- Quantitative Research method - Sample: 200-250 employee
- Deductive research approach - Survey: Questionnaires

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 Measures

The measures used in this study come from previously valid research papers, a five-
point Likert scale (Strongly agree = 1 to 5= strongly disagree) will be used for data
collection. As the researcher measure factors of physical environment on employee
performance.

Working Environment
Adopted and adapted questions from three-items scale developed by Demerouti,
et al., (2001).
Sample items from this scale is, “People working in this environment have
opportunities for performance improvement.”

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Ventilation
adapted three-items scale developed by Konu and Rimpela (2002).

A couple of sample items from this scale are, “I find that poor ventilation or room
air quality disturb my work performance,” and “I find that temperature disturb my
office work.”

Office Equipment
Adopted two-items scale developed by Saaranen et al., (2007).
A sample items from this scale is, “The equipment and devices needed for my work
are appropriate.”

Physical Comfort
Adopted questions from three-items scale developed by Leaman, (1995).
“Comfortable office environment helps you in your daily working at bank.”

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 Conclusion

• The physical environment has significant impact on the action

and performance of employees .

• The relationship between the workplace environment and

performance of the employee is strong. Therefore, in order to
maximize performance, the working environment factors are
very important.

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Thank you.

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