Wheel Loader Training

装载机培训

高飞 zack
+86 18206118598
gaofei@changlin.com.cn
陈志翔 18206118562
QQ ： 306044132
 Content 目录
1. Features and Usage of wheel loader 4. Sales strategy from technology

5.Panel & Operation

2. Changlin’s loader
6.Repairing & Maintenance
3. Principle & Main Features
&trouble shooting

1 、装载机的特点和使用 4 、技术角度的销售策略

2 、常林装载机 5 、仪表及操纵
3 、 原理及主要配置 6 、维修及保养、故障排查
1. Features and Usage of wheel loader
轮式装载机的特点及用途
WHAT IS WHEEL LOADER?
什么是装载机
s
tip

Wheel loaders are large vehicles often used in the construction industry
and other heavy industries to load large quantities of materials
(earth ， grit, asphalt, rubble) into containers, onto conveyor belts or to a
different location .
Application of the wheel loader 装载机的应用

Road 公路 Railway 铁路 Building 建筑

Dam Project 大坝 Port 港口 Mine 矿山

Loader Attachment 装载机的辅具
 Loader Attachment-weapon

装载机的辅具
ps

The Syrian rebels modify the gas canisters

ti

mortars on CHANGLIN loader ZL30H

The classification of the loader 装载机的分类

Wheel loader Crawler loader

轮胎式装载机 履带式装载机
The origin of the wheel loader 装载机的起源

In 1929 the first wheel loader, (bucket capacity 0.753 m³, Rated load 680 kg).
1929 年第一台轮式装载机，（斗容 0.753 立方米、载重量 680 公
斤）
The origin of CHANGLIN loader 常林装载机起源

In 1976 the first loader with clamp from CHANGLIN

1976 年，研制出我国第一台 Z4JM-2.5 型木材装载
机。
Professional term of loader 装载机专业术语

1 - Dump clearance
2 - Dump angle
3 - Dump reach
4 - Min. ground clearance
5 - Wheel base

③
②

①
④
⑤
Pivot angle frame
转向角

d ius el ）
g ra he
w
r nin of
. tu i d e
in uts
M o
Max. turning radius （
（ outside of bucket ）
957H main performance parameter
957H 主要性能参数
Tilting load:102KN

倾翻载
荷
额定载
Rated load ： 5T 牵引力 Max. traction force:150KN
荷
主要参
数
额定斗
Rated bucket capacity ： 3m³ 掘起力 Max. breakout force ： 165Kn
容
工作循
环时间

working time ： 11s

2.CHANGLIN wheel loader
常林装载机

Loader 957H
9 - wheel loader
5 - Rated load is 5T
7 - Different generations of products
H - Different configuration
The model  of CHANGLIN loader 常林装载机型谱

918 932 933 936 937H 947H

955N 956 957H 957Z 957S 966

980H 996 9126

3 Principle & Main Features of 957H
957H 原理及特点
Main structure of wheel loader 装载机主要结构
Tilting cylinder 转向油
Hydraulic oil tank Cab 驾驶室 缸
液压油箱
Bucket 铲斗
Engine
发动机

Radiator
散热器

Weight
配重

Fuel tank
燃油箱
Lifting cylinder 举升油缸
Tire 轮胎
 Driving system of wheel loader 装载机行走系统
s
tip

The driving system ： Power produce 、 Power transfer 、 Power output

The driving system ： Power 行走系统：动力产生
produce

Exhaust muffler Air filter

排气消音器 空气滤清器

Radiator
Engine
散热器
发动机

Fuel filter
燃油滤清器 diesel tank
柴油箱
oil filter
机油滤清器
。
。
。
。
。
The driving system ： Power 行走系统：动力传递
transfer

Rear axle Transmission box

后桥 变速箱

Torque convertor
变矩器

Main
transfer shaft
主传动轴
Front axle
前桥
upper shaft
上传动轴 Brake
制动器
Torque convertor

变矩器
Transmission box
Valve for speed shift
变速箱
档位控制阀
Clutch for front & rear
前后档离合器

Clutch for gear 1 Oil filler

一档离合器 加油口

Clutch for gear 2 、 3

二、三档离合器 Parking brake
停车制动器

Oil filter
变速箱油过滤器
Transmission box 变速箱

Driven disc driving disc

从动片 主动片

Spring
弹簧
 1 ． Transmission & gearbox1 ．变速箱
2 ． Driving pump 2 ．行走泵
3 ． Refine filter 3 ．精滤油器
4 ． Oil in-valve 4 ．进油阈
5 ． Torque converter 5 ．变矩器
6 ． Oil return-valve 6 ．回油阀
7 ． Radiator 7 ．散热器
8 ． Oil temperature meter 8 ．油温表
s
tip

A circulation oil circuit system is composed of torque converter and gearbox. The operating oil is pumped by
oil pump 2 from the oil tank 1 (i.e. gearbox case) to the oil-in valve 4 through the filter 3. The oil-in valve
controls the oil pressure of gearshift valve of gearbox. A part of the circulated oil liquid flows in radiator 7 through
return valve 6. The cooled operating oil enters into each gearshift clutch of gearbox to cool the friction disk and then
return to oil tank.
Axles 驱动桥

. Function
• Reduce speed, increase torque
• Change torque direction
• differential speed
• Support whole machine

驱动桥功能：
• 降低转速，增加扭矩
• 改变力矩方向
• 解决左右轮胎差速问题
• 支撑整机重量
 • The conditions of the differential
Differential 差速器 effect happened: vehicles in turning,
vehicles driving in rough pavement,
the pressure of one tire is lost 。
• In short, when the speed of one side
wheel is different from another side
wheel, differential will work.
Brake & Wheel edge Reducer 制动器 & 轮边减速装置：

hub 轮毂 Brake 制动器

Tooth circle
内齿圈

Planet wheel
行星齿轮

Planets wheel shaft

行星齿轮轴

Sun wheel 太阳轮

Hydraulic system 液压系统

Bucket cylinder 铲斗油缸

液压系统的四大元件： boom 动臂
动力元件（工作泵、转向泵）；
控制元件（优先阀、先导阀、多路 bucket 铲斗
阀） Rocker arm 摇臂
执行元件（转向器、油缸、马达）； pump 泵
辅助元件（管路、油箱、滤油器等）

valve 阀
Boom cylinder 动臂油缸
s

The four elements of the hydraulic system ：

tip

Power element ： working pump 、 steering pump

Controlling element ： priority valve 、 pilot valve 、 multi-way
valve
Executive element ： cylinder ， motor ， steering
Auxiliary element ： pipe 、 oil-tank 、 filter
Hydraulic system- pump 液压系统 - 泵

Torque convertor
变矩器

Working pump
工作泵

Steering pump
转向泵

Gearshift pump
换挡泵
Steering system 转向系统
Working system 工作系统
 Guide sleeve
Piston 活塞 导向套

Support ring O ring O 型 Support ring O ring O 型

支持环 圈 支持环 圈
 Multi-way Gear pump
valve 多路阀 齿轮泵 Hydraulic oil
tank 液压油箱
4. Sales strategy from technology
技术角度的销售策略
Engine 发动机
brand

original price parts

6CT AA 8.3-C215

Chinese （ guangxi
cummins
dongfeng cummins ）

6L9.3TAA 220
 better technology
Turbocharge 增压 (most)
Charge air cooling or air-to-air 空
空中冷 (original cummins or new)
electrical-control pump 电控泵
(Tier Ⅲ emission)
common or old technology
naturally aspirated 自然吸气 (small or old)
Without （ most ）
Mechanical pump 机械泵（ most ） (TierⅡ
emission)

Independent fan 独立风扇 (original Direct-driving fan 直驱风扇（ most ）

cummins or new)
Smart fan 智能风扇（ the best ）
Special air filter 油浴空滤
Star at low temperature 低温启动
。。。。。
Transmission box 变速箱
 行星式变速箱 定轴式变速箱
Planetary transmission Parallel shaft transmission
结构差异 1.Transmission and torque combine 1. Transmission and torque divide 变速箱
together 变速箱与变矩器一体 与变矩器分体
2.Four elements of Torque convertor 变 2. Three elements of Torque convertor 变
矩器为四元件 矩器为三元件
3.  overrun clutch
3.  without overrun clutch 无需配备超越
必须配备超越离合器
4. F2R1 离合器
4. F3R3
Advantage 1.Little space 结构紧凑，占用空间小； 1.Easy to rapair 结构简单，维修保养性
优势 2.one gear is fast 一档传动比大，速度快 好；
； 2.Stable ，无需配备超越离合器，可靠
3.Little gear ， easy to operation 档位少 性好；
，操作便捷 3. The force is better 能承受较大载荷冲
击
Disadvantage 1. overrun clutch is easy to fault 1.More space 双变分体，占用空间大；
劣势 超越离合器寿命较低； 2.One speed is low 一档速度低；
2.Hard to repair 结构复杂，维修保养性 3.More gear ， hard to operation 档位多
差； ，操作不够人性化
3.The force is little 不能承受较大载荷冲
击
AXLE 驱动桥

Wet type axle

湿式桥

Wet type axle

湿式桥
The 1st generation The 2nd generation The 3rd generation

40%
Diff
40% Diff
Diff lock
Diff
lock
Brake system 制动系统 Assistance and brake 助力和制动器

Service brake 行车制动 foot Parking brake 停车制动 hand

1 Air over oil , Hub brake or Caliper disc brake, Mechanical ， Hub brake or Caliper disc
气顶油，鼓式或钳盘制动器 brake 机械式，鼓式或钳盘制动器
2 Full hydraulic drive, Hub brake or Caliper disc Air-to-mechanical ， Hub brake or Caliper
brake 液压驱动，鼓式或钳盘式制动 disc brake 气涨式，鼓式或钳盘制动器
3 Air over oil ， wet type brake Mechanical ， wet type brake
气顶油，湿式制动器 机械式，湿式制动器
4 Full hydraulic drive, wet type brake （ multi-
disk ）全液压驱动，湿式制动器

Booster 加力器
Loader Attachment 装载机的辅具
5.Panel & Operation
仪表和操纵
 Meters
仪表

Fuel consumption

燃油位表
Oil pressure

机油压力表

DC voltage
电压表

工作小时表
RPM Converter oil
Working hour Water temperature temperature
发动机水温表 发动机转速
变矩器油温表
Switch Combination
组合开关
 6.3. Speed Joystick 变速手柄

Steering lever pushed forward, move forward

Steering lever pulled backward, move backward 方向手柄前推 - 车前进
Steering lever in middle position, stop 方向手柄后拉 - 车后退
方向手柄在中间位置 - 车停止
Gear shift lever in I, the first gear 速度手柄前推为 1 档
Gear shift lever in II, the second gear 速度手柄中间位置为 2 档
Gear shift lever in III, the third gear 速度手柄后拉为 3 档
6.4. Power switch 电源开关

Total power supply switch: 电源总开关

dial to "1" place, the power is connected;
Dial to "0" place, cut off the power supply
拨至“ 1” 处，电源接通；
拨至“ 0” 处，电源切断

Connection
Breakage

Starting up
 6.5.Padel 踏板
Accelerator pedal: 油门踏板：
It is used for control the fuel-supply for engine. When the pedal is loosened,
engine is under idle operation and when the pedal is depressed, the
revolution of engine is increased with fuel-supply increasing. 控制对发动机
的燃油供应量，松开时，发动机处于怠速运转；踏下时，随着供油量的
增加，发动机转速提高。
Foot pedal: 制动踏板
When the pedal is depressed, the loader is braked, valve is cut off and the
clutch is left off the gear box to cut off the transmission system. At this time,
braking light is lit. 踏下时，车辆制动，同时切断阀使变速箱离合器脱开
，以切断传动系统动力。此时尾部刹车指示灯亮。
Hand brake control lever: 手制动操纵按钮
It is used for parking brake. Pulling up is to brake and pushing down is to
loosen. Before don’t forget to loose the hand brake control lever. 用于停车
时的制动。向上拉是刹紧位置，向下按则松开。开车前注意不要忘记松
开手制动。
6.6.Pilot Control Stick 工作装置操纵手柄

The multiplex valve is composed

of bucket valve rod and boom
Natural 中位 Lifting 举升
valve rod.
The bucket valve rod has three
positions – neutral, front and rear
and boom valve rod has four
positions – neutral, lifting,
lowering and floating.
The valve rod is moved by pilot Lowering 下降 Floating 浮动
oil and release spring.
动臂操纵杆有：
举升、中立、下降和浮动四个位置。
转斗操纵杆有：
收斗、中立、翻斗三个位置。
Tilting back 收斗 Tilting 翻斗
6.Repairing & Maintenance &trouble shooting
维修、保养、故障排除
Torque Converter 液力变矩器
When the hydraulic torque converter operates, impeller vanes of three operating wheels compose a closed circulation
hydraulic circuit. The power from engine is transmitted to pump wheel passing through geared ring and pump housing.
When the operating hydraulic flows into pump wheel, it flows out along impeller vanes of pump wheel as the pump wheel
rotate with centrifugation, flowing from the outlet of pump wheel to worm gear, shocking the worm gear vane, rotating the
worm gear, bringing the worm shaft to rotate and transmitting the dynamic force. The liquid flows passing through the
worm wheel and shocking the pilot wheel and it applies a reactive torque to the operating oil, as the pilot wheel is fixed. The
torque is combined together with torque of operating oil, transmitting to the worm wheel; therefore, the torque from worm
wheel is more than the torque transmitting from engine, which makes the loader automatically change speed and traction
force according to the road situation and the dragging force when the loader operates. The speed decreases and the traction
force increases as the dragging force increase, on the contrary, the speed increases and the traction force decreases as the
speed increases. Meanwhile, the speed and the traction force can be controlled by the throttle in stepless regulation, stable
starting and no shocking.

The torque converter plays the role as main clutch in mechanical transmission to prevent the engine
and transmission system from shocking and prolong the service life of engine.
液力变矩器：
液力变矩器主要由泵轮、导轮、涡轮、泵壳等零件组成。
工作时液力变矩器的三个工作轮的叶片组成一个封闭的循环油路，从发动机传来的
功率、经齿圈、泵壳传至泵轮，工作油液进入泵轮后，由于泵轮旋转，油液因离心力
作用，顺着泵轮叶片向外流动，从泵轮外缘出口处流出进入涡轮，冲击涡轮叶片，使
涡轮转动，从而带动涡轮轴旋转，输出动力。油液流经涡轮后再冲向导轮，由于导轮
是固定的，它便给予工作油液以一定的反作用力矩，这个力矩与泵轮给予工作油液的
力矩合在一起，全部传给了涡轮，因此从涡轮所获得的力矩便大于发动机输入的扭矩
，这样便起到了增大扭矩即变矩的作用，使装载机可以根据道路状况和铲装时阻力的
大小，自动改变速度和牵引力以适应各种情况。阻力增大时，速度减慢而牵引力增大
；反之，阻力减小时，速度加快牵引力也随之减小。同时，速度和牵引力都可用油门
控制在一定范围进行无级调节，起步平稳，无冲击。
液力变矩器还起着一般机械传动的主离合器作用，保护发动机和传动系统免受
冲击，也不会熄火，从而延长了发动机的使用寿命。
pump wheel pilot wheel worm wheel
泵轮 涡轮
 1 ． Transmission 1 ．变速箱
2 ． Oil supply pump 2 ．补偿油泵
3 ． Refine filter 3 ．精滤油
4 ． Oil in valve 器
5 ． converter 4 ．进油阈
6 ． Oil return valve 5 ．变矩器
7 ． Radiator 6 ．回油阀
8 ． Oil temperature 7 ．散热器
meter 8 ．油温表

A circulation oil circuit system is composed of torque converter and gearbox. The operating oil is pumped by oil pump 2
from the oil tank 1 (i.e. gearbox case) to the oil-in valve 4 through the filter 3. The oil-in valve controls the oil pressure of
gearshift valve of gearbox. A part of the circulated oil liquid flows in radiator 7 through return valve 6. The cooled
operating oil enters into each gearshift clutch of gearbox to cool the friction disk and then return to oil tank.
油泵 (10) 将工作油经油管 (9) 从油箱 ( 即变速箱底 ) 吸入，经油管 (4) 、精滤器 (6) 和油管 (5) 进入进油阀 (11) 。从
进油阀的出油分两路，一路经油管 (7) 进变速箱分配阀；第二路经变矩器 (13) 箱体进入泵轮，在变矩器三工作轮
内循环工作，其中部分油液经回油阀 (12) ，通过管路 (1) 至散热器 (14) ，冷却后的工作油通过油管 (8) 进入变速
箱各档位离合器冷却摩擦片，变矩器箱体内的油液经回油管 (3) 回油箱。
1 、 Connector 1 、接头
2 、 Cabinet 2 、箱体
3 、 Gear 3 、齿轮
4 、 Screw 4 、螺钉
5 、 Shell 5 、壳体
6 、 T.C. components 6 、变矩器组件
7 、 Elastic plate 7 、弹性盘
8 、 Gear 8 、齿轮
9 、 Link set 9 、联结套
10 、 Seal 10 、 . 油封环
11 、 Oil return valve 11 ．回油阀
Transmission 变速箱
The gearbox is equipped with a parallel-axis, constant-mesh Fig.7-7 Structural
gear and hydraulic control. It has the characteristics of a long Diagram of Gearbox
service life, compact structure, and fast gearshift with easy and 1. gearbox body
stable operation without knocking sound. 2. forward and backward
gear assembly
The structure of gearbox is shown in Fig. 7 - 7. It is composed
3. reverse shaft
of forward- and backward-gear shaft, reverse shaft, immediate 4. immediate shaft assembly
shaft, first gear shaft, second and third gear shaft, output
shaft, gearshift valve and box-body. 5. first-gear assembly
When operating the gearshift valve, the pressure oil supplied 6. second- gear and
by oil pump of hydraulic torque converter and oil circuit third-gear assembly
7. output shaft assembly
system of gearbox, through oil-in valve, has pressure of 1.47 ~
8. gearbox cover
1.80 MPa, passing through gearshift valve to each clutch to
carry out the gearshift 1 ．变速箱体
本机为平行轴常啮合液压换档变速箱，由于箱内各传动 2 ．前进倒退档总成
齿轮常啮合，延长了齿轮的使用寿命，采用液压换档箱体
结构紧凑，并使换档迅速、轻便、平稳、无撞击声。 3 ．倒档轴
变速箱结构主要由前进、后退档轴、倒档轴、中间轴 4 ．中间轴总成
、一档、二三档轴、输出轴、档位阀及箱体等主要部分组 5 ．一档总成
成。 6 ．二、三档总成
操纵档位阀时，液力变矩器、变速箱油路系统的油泵
提供的压力油经过进油阀提供 1.47 ～ 1.80MPa 的压力 7 ．输出轴总成
油，经档位阀到各档离合器，使离合器结合实现换档。 8 ．变速箱盖
Fig. 7-8 principle Diagram of Torque
Converter and Gearbox

变速箱控制油路图
Clutch 离合器

The clutch is controlled by control lever gearshift Fig. 7-9 Hydraulic

valve. When the pressure oil flows from inlet of Gearshift Clutch
bearing cover (10) to cylinder (6) to push the piston 1. gear
(4) and make the clutch driving disk (2) and driven 2. driving friction disk
disk (3) combined. The torque and power is 3. driven friction disk
transmitted by gear. When the pressure oil is cut 4. piston
from the oil source, the piston (4) shall return the 5. gear ring
original position by spring (7) and the driving friction 6. cylinder block
disk and driven friction disk shall be separated from 7. spring
each other. There are cooling oil holes at the shaft 8. shaft
and gear. The cooled oil from radiator flows to each 9. gearwheel
friction disk group through the oil-line on bearing 10. bearing cover
cover, shaft and gear to play the lubrication and 11. wave spring
cooling.
Gearshift Valve and Distribution Valve 档位阀、分配阀
Distribution valve together with gearshift valve is mounted on the right
bottom plate above gearbox. The pressure oil with 1.47 – 1.86 Mpa from oil-in
valve of torque converter enters into the distribution valve, which plays the role
of flow-control and pressure regulation (See Fig. 7 – 10). The gearshift valve is
composed of valve body, direction control valve stem, gearshift valve stem,
braking relief valve stem, air intake connection cover (See Fig. 7 – 11). When
controlling the direction or gearshift valve stem, in dependence with the
position which valve stem is located at, the pressure oil entering in the valve
body shall enters respectively into forward and backward gear clutch or each
gearshift clutch, to push the piston so as to make the clutch combine together
and loader move forward and backward or change speed. In braking, braking
pressure is applied to the cylinder, oil line of direction gearshift clutch is cut off
and connected with return oil line, the pressure of clutch disappears and friction
disk is separated to carry out the power cut.
分配阀与档位阀叠加后装在变速箱上部右侧的底板上，由变矩器进油阀来
的 1.47-1.86MPa(15-19 公斤／厘米 2) 的压力油，首先进入分配阀。
分配阀起控制流量和稳压的作用 ( 见图七 -10) 。档位阀由阀体、方向控
1 ．阀体 2 ．弹簧 3 ．蓄能阀
制阀杆、档位控制阀杆、制动卸载阀杆、进气联接盖等组成 ( 见图七 - 套 4 ．蓄能阀芯 5 ．固定螺
11) 。操纵方向或档位阀阀杆时，根据阀杆所处的位置，进入阀体的压力 钉 6 ．阀芯 7 ．蓄能阀套
油分别进入前进后退档离合器或各档位离合器，推动活塞，使离合器接合
，完成装载机前进后退动作或速度变换的功能。制动时刹车气压作用于切 8 ．单向阀 9 ．单向阀套
断阀的气缸，活塞移动，方向档位离合器油路被切断，与回油路相通，离 10 ．弹簧 11 ．弹簧座 12 ．
合器压力消失，摩擦片分离脱开，实现动力切断。
固定螺钉 13 ．蓄能阀罩
Axles 驱动桥：

. Function 驱动桥功能：

• Reduce speed, increase torque

• Change torque direction
• No spin
• Support whole machine

• 降低转速，增加扭矩
• 改变力矩方向
• 解决左右轮胎差速问题
• 支撑整机重量
1.axle housing
2. regulating nut
1. 桥壳
3. bracket 2. 调整螺母
4. differential 3. 托架
5. regulating shim 4. 差速器
6. bearing block 5. 调整垫
7. pressure cover 6. 轴承座
8. driving spiral
bevel gear
7. 压盖
9. bull flange 8. 主动螺旋伞齿轮
10. bull spiral 9. 法兰盘
bevel gear 10. 大螺旋伞齿轮
11. thrust bolt 11. 止推螺栓
12. semi-axle 12. 半轴
13. hub support shaft 13. 轮边支承轴
14. brake assembly
14. 制动器总成
15. brake disk
16. hub 15. 制动盘
17. tire 16. 轮壳
18. rim assembly 17. 轮胎
19. pinion carrier 18. 轮辋总成
20. inner geared ring 19. 行星轮架
21. planetary gear
20. 内齿圈
22. cover plate
23. planetary shaft 21. 行星齿轮
24. central gear 22. 盖板
25. central gear shim 23. 行星轮轴
24. 太阳轮
25. 太阳轮垫 Axles Structure
This loader is driven by four wheels. The function and structure of the front axle are
same as those of rear axle. The front axle is mounted on the frame with 8 bolts and
rear axle is mounted on the swing frame with 8 bolts, which can swing in  15
degrees. When the loader runs on the rough road, it keeps four wheels on the
ground. The front and rear axles are composed of axle housing, differential, and hub
reduction gear and tires, hub braking unit (See Fig. 7 - 12). The retardation of main
drive unit is carried out by means of the first-grade spiral bevel gear. The differential is
composed of cross shaft, straight bevel gear and differential housing. The bull spiral
bevel gear is mounted on the differential housing. The power is reduced through the
first-grade reduction and transmitted to the hub reduction gear by means of right and
left semi-shaft.
The hub reduction gear is the planetary wheel. The inner gear ring is connected with
hub supporting shaft through the splined shaft and hub supporting shaft is mounted
on the axle housing. The power is transmitted to central gear through the semi-shaft
and makes the planetary wheel and planetary bracket rotate. The planetary bracket is
mounted on hub, which makes the wheel rotate.
Main reducer—No Spin differential
• The conditions of the differential
effect happened: vehicles in
turning, vehicles driving in rough
pavement, vehicle tire pressure
do not agree 。
• in short, when the speed of one
side wheel are different from
another side wheel, differential
will work.
 Main reducer—No Spin differential
• The conditions of the differential effect happened: vehicles in turning, vehicles driving in roug
h pavement, vehicle tire pressure do not agree 。
• In short, when the speed of one side wheel are different from another side wheel, differential
will work.
制动系统：
 Parking Brake System and emergency brake
This device is used for parking after shutdown and auto cutting shift when dangerous
situation occurring because braking power is deficient. It is composed of hand-control
braking valve, air-control braking valve, spring air cab and drum brake.
When the lever of hand-control brake valve is pull upward, shift cut valve is inlet.
Transmission power output is cut, meanwhile the pressure in spring air cab disappear
and the spring releases. Elasticity causes drum brake open by lever, then brake drum
clasps and parking brake is performed.
When the vehicle just starts and air pressure of the wheel brake system has not
reached safe 0.6MPa, or air pressure of the wheel brake system is reduced below
0.4MPa and air pressure of the spring air chamber is insufficient during travel, so drum
type brake expands, the air controlled stop valve returns under action of the spring
because of insufficient air pressure, then realize parking brake.
This is the characteristics of automatic protection and emergency brake of the
system; it can effectively avoid operation of the loader on dangerous operation
conditions.
 Fig.7-19a Spring air case Fig.7-19b Drum brake
1.spare air inlet 1.brake drum 6. brake board
2. air inlet 2. flange 7. cam
5.handspike
3. piston 3. spring 8. adjusting pole
6.dust prevention cover
4. Drum spring 4. screw 9. spring
7. bolt
5. brake hoof 10. lever
 Foot Brake
The foot brake system with dual-line gas-oil disk brake is composed of air compressor
pump, check valve, air reservoir, brake air valve, brake assistor, brake and pipeline.

1.drum brake 7. right air reservoir

2. spring air cab 8. check valve
3. double-way 9. air compressor pump
reversing valve 10. left air reservoir
4. air-control 11. air brake valve
stop valve 12. brake switch
5. hand-control 13.air increase pump
brake valve 14. disc-type brake
6. barometer 15. choice valve
Dual-pipe Air Brake Valve
1.braking pedal
2. crown bar
3. anti-dust sleeve
4. valve
5. crown bar seat
6. balance spring
7. major piston
8. spring seat
9. piston rod
10. diaphragm
11. diaphragm clamp plate air reservoir
12. valve lead
13. Release spring of valve lead 1.piston
14. Crown bar 2. spring
15. Minor piston 3. push rod
16. Piston rod 4. return oil valve
17. Valve lead 5. piston
6. air relief valve
 Disc brake 钳盘制动器
钳盘制动器 衬块总成 销轴 付钳桥
放气螺钉
Sealing Liner assembly pin Vice pliers bridge
ring Vent screw

螺栓
活塞
Bolt
 Piston
卡箍
Clamp
主钳桥
防尘罩
Main tong
bridge Dust cover
5.6. Steering System

5.6.1. Operation Principle and Structure

Figure is hydraulic oil

circuit figure of steering
system, the priority valve
and hydraulic steering
gear consists of amplified
hydraulic steering
system, which can realize
sensitive and stable
1 、转向油缸 1.Steering cylinder
steering, operation saves 2 、转向器 2.Steering gear
effort and efficiency of 3 、优先阀 3. priority valve
system is high. 4 、转向油泵 4.Steering pump
5 、冷却器 5.Cooling device
5.6. Steering System
5.6.2. Layout Drawing of Steering System

After the steering pump sucks oil from

working oil tank and supplied oil through
priority valve .Because there is control oil
pipe 3 between the priority valve and the
steering gear (amplifier), so it can ensure that
the priority valve can firstly meet oil supply of
the steering gear, the residual oil will go to
the heat radiator. The priority valve supplies
oil to the steering gear through oil pipe 10,
the steering gear will supply oil to large cavity
(or small cavity) of the steering cylinder
according to working demand . so that the oil
cylinder can extend (or shorten) to realize
steering of the whole machine.

图 6-2
5.6. Steering system
5.6.3. Cylinder

Fig. 7–18 Model 957H Steering Cylinder

1.baffle 2. knuckle-joint bearing 3. anti-dust ring 4. baffle 5. baffle
6. O-ring 7. key 8. O-ring 9. sealing ring 10. guide shell 11. cylinder block 12. piston rod
13. sealing ring 14. guide ring 15. O-ring 16. piston 17. nut 18. splint pin 19. shaft sleeve

1 ．档圈 2 ．关节轴承 3 ．防尘圈 4 ．挡圈 5 ．挡圈 6 ． O 形圈 7 ．卡键

8 ． O 形圈 9 ．密封圈 10 ．导向套 11 ．缸体 12 ．活塞杆 13 ．密封圈 14 ．导向
环 15 ． O 形圈 16 ．活塞 17 ．螺母 18 ．开口销 19 ．轴套．
5.7.Working system

5.7.1. Diagram
5.7.Working System
The working principle of multiplex valve
The multiplex valve is composed of bucket valve rod and boom valve rod. The bucket valve rod has three positions – neutral, front and
rear and boom valve rod has four positions – neutral, lifting, lowering and floating. The valve rod is moved by pilot oil and release spring.
(1) Neutral position When the pilot valve is in neutral position, the pilot oil does not pass. When the multiplex valve is in neutral position,
the oil from main pump shall return to oil tank through multiplex valve.
(2) Operating position When the pilot valve is in operating position, the pilot oil enters into the end of the other valve rod of multiplex
valve, pushing the valve to the operating position left or right and the pilot oil in the other end of the valve returns to oil tank of pilot valve.
When the pilot oil makes a valve rod of multiplex valve move to the operating position, the operating oil from main pump opens the
check valve in multiplex valve, enters from outlet enters into a chamber of the bucket cylinder or the boom cylinder. The operating oil from
the other chamber of cylinder returns to the other inlet of multiplex and flows in oil tank through oil way in valve. The pressure of operating
oil is controlled by main relief valve.
(3) Floating position At this time, the position of boom is the same as lowering position. Only because the pilot valve control lever is in
floating position, the sequential valve in the pilot valve is opened. The oil in discharge hole way of multiplex valve flows into oil tank through
discharge outlet in pilot valve, which makes the slippage valve in boom cylinder of multiplex valve open, inlet port, oil return port and
operating oil port are passing through. At this time, the piston rod of boom shall float freely under the action of external force.
(4) Action of overload valve and compensating valve When the bucket meets the foreign striking load and other mechanisms interfere,
the overload shall open, playing the protection action. The compensating valve is used for preventing the cylinder chamber from being
absorbed to play the compensating action.
Use and Maintenance 使用及保养
7.1 、 safety operation specification ：安全操作规程

7.1.1 、 Operate the machine the necessary conditions ：操作机器必备的条件：

Only through specialized training and licensing personnel can

operate and maintain the machine.
只有经过专门培训和许可的人员，才能操作和保养机
器。
The driver of loader should know the knowledge about the
machine’s mainly performance, structure characteristics and
maintenance before operating the machine 。驾驶员在使用装载
机前，应先了解本机主要性能，结构特点，操作要领和 维修
后方能出车。
7.1 、 safety operation specification ：安全操作规程

7.1.2 、 Safety protection ：安全防护

A. When operating, to wear uniform, wear a hard helmet, wear gloves when necessary;
B. Don't wear loose clothes and jewelry, loose hair must wear in the helmet, to prevent
the lever and moving parts hanging in;
C. Don't wear a grease clothes, in case of fire.
A. 操作时，要穿工作服、戴硬质安全帽，必要时还要戴上手套；
B. 不要穿戴宽松的衣服和首饰，松散长发要戴入安全帽内，以免被操纵杆和运动部
件挂住 ；
C. 不要穿有油污的衣服，以防着火。
7.1 、 safety operation specification ：安全操作规
程：

7.1.3 、 The modified without permission ：未经许可的改装：

A. Any modified without ChangLin permission would be dangerous. Such as

braking system, energy storage device, etc;
B. That really need to be modified, please contact with ChangLin
A. 任何未经常林认可的改装都有可能产生危险。如制动系统、蓄能元件等；

B. 确需改装，请与常林协商，未经许可的改装所造成的伤害和损坏常林不负
任何责任。
7.1 、 safety operation specification ：安全操作规程：

7.1.4 、 Machines parked ：机器停放：

A. Don't park on the slope.
B. If must be stopped on the slope, the machine toward the direction should be downhill, the
bucket will be inserted into the ground, under the tires fill in block piece, prevent vehicle
movement.
C. In the left before the cab, to the joystick in a mid-position or neutral position, parking brake
in locked position.

A. 不要在坡上停车。
B. 如果必须在坡上停车，应将车朝着下坡方向，将铲斗插入地面，轮胎下填上挡块，防
止车辆移动。
C. 在离开驾驶室前，要将各操纵杆置于中位或空档位置，停车制动置于锁定位置。
7.1 、 safety operation specification ：安全操作规程

7.1.5 、 Fire prevention safety ：防火安全

A. Fuel, oil and antifreezes are inflammables, should pay attention to fire;
B. Flammable liquids kept in specific places, away from the fire;
C. Add fuel in ventilated places, at the same time put out the engine and prohibited from
smoking.
D. Screw the cover of the fuel and hydraulic oil tank 。

A. 燃油、机油和防冻液都是易燃品，要注意防火；
B. 易燃液体保存在特定地方，远离火种；
C. 加油要在通风良好的地方进行，同时熄灭发动机并禁止吸烟。
D. 拧紧燃油箱和液压油箱的盖子。
7.1 、 safety operation specification ：安全操作规程：

7.1.6 、 The attention about machine under high temperature: 机器高温作业的注意事项

A. The engine cooling water, the oil and hydraulic oil are in high temperature and high
pressure condition, banned the lid off, discharge of oil, water, or replace the filters,
otherwise it will cause serious burns. Must wait for the machine after cooling 。
B. Take cover in the radiator before, to shut down engine, after radiator cooling, then slowly
twist the cap, release internal high-pressure gas, then take down the lid.

A. 发动机冷却水、发动机油和液压油都处于高温、高压状态时，禁止取下盖子，排
放油、水，或更换滤清器，否则会造成严重烫伤。一定要等机器冷却后进行。
B. 在取下散热器盖之前，要关闭发动机，等散热器冷却后，慢慢拧开盖子，释放内
部高压气体，然后再取下盖子。
7.2 、 Operation of the safety precautions ：操作中的安全注意事项：

Don't let the irrelevant personnel into the cab or other parts of the vehicle
莫让无关人员进入驾驶室或车辆的其它地方！
7.2 、 Operation of the safety precautions ：操作中的安全注意事项：

Check whether the scene has caused dangerous abnormal

situation
7.2 、 Operation of the safety precautions ：操作中的安全注意事项：

Don't be too close to the high tension wires (or underground cables and pipelines, etc.). 不要过分靠
近高压电线（或地下电缆、管道等）。
driving on the flat road, the bucket from the ground 40 ~ 50 centimeters
船舱（井下）作业：一定要保持良好的通风。

The cabin (underground) work: be sure to keep the good ventilation.

在平路上行驶时，铲斗离地面 40 ～ 50 厘米 。
7.2 、 Operation of the safety precautions 操作中的安全注意事项： ：

◎ When the downhill, should reduce the center of gravity;

◎ When the downhill, should drive slowly, banned flameout slip.
◎ Shovel heavy things, should be driving back downhill.
◎ The lifting work device are prohibited during steering!

◎ 上坡时要降低重心；
◎ 当下坡时，应缓慢行驶，禁止熄火滑行。
◎ 铲载重物，下坡时应倒退行驶。
◎ 工作装置举升时严禁转向 !
7.2 、 Operation of the safety precautions ：
操作中的安全注意事项

Working on the snow ：

1 、 on the snow road, must install the antiskid chain
2 、 Avoid sudden starting, turn or brake;
3 、 Due to can’t see the shoulder or others under the snow', so be
careful when shoveling snow slowly;
4 、 Parking on the ramp with the snow ， put the bucket down to
the ground.
5 、 Loading not excessive, prevent slippery machine.
雪中作业： Not install the antiskid
1 、在积雪的路上行驶时，一定要安装防滑链； chain 未装防滑链
2 、避免突然起动、转向或制动；
3 、由于看不见路肩或其它埋在雪下的东西，所以铲雪时要小心缓慢
；
4 、在积雪的山坡上停车时，要把铲斗降到地面；
5 、装载勿过量，防止机器打滑。
7.2 、 Operation of the safety precautions ：操作中的安全注意事项：

运输：
transportation ：
1. 装卸时低速行驶；
1. Driving at low speed when loading and unloading
2. 先用垫块垫住拖车的车轮和斜板；
2. Use pad mat the wheel of trailer and the sloping plate
3. 要在坚硬的平地上进行装卸；
3. loading and unloading on the hard road ；
4. 装卸斜板有足够的强度、足够的长和宽
4. the sloping plate must have enough strength, length and
width ； ；
5. Must ensure that board both sides in the same plane ； 5. 保证斜板两边在同一平面；
6. Ensure board surface cleaning, no pollution ； 6. 保证斜板表面清洁，无油污；
7. don’t steering when loading or unloading on the board 7. 装卸时不要在斜板上转动方向；
8. 装载完毕，用木块垫住车轮，并使车辆
可靠停住。
7.3 、 correct operation steps before and after Loader start ：
装载机启动前后的正确操作步骤
7.3.1 、 check before loader start 启动前检查
Check the working liquid level 检查各工作液体液位
cooling fluid, fuel, hydraulic oil, engine oil, transmission oil, and a brake fluid
level, etc.; 具体包括冷却液、燃油、装载机启动前后的正确操作步骤液压油、发
动机机油、变速箱油位、制动液液位等；
Check the control handle position 检查各操纵手柄位置
Parking brake lever in brake position; gearbox control lever in neutral position;
The working control lever in mid-position 具体包括停车制动操纵杆处于制动位置
；变速操纵杆处于空档位置；各工作装置操纵杆置于中位。
7.3 、 correct operation steps before and after Loader start ：装载机启动前后的
正确操作步骤
7.3.2 、 Engine starting 发动机的起动（方法）
A 、 Don't let the starter turns continuously more than 15 seconds 。
B 、 the best time interval between two starting time is two minutes
C 、 Gently on the accelerator, turn the key to START position to start the engine.
D 、 Engine start, loosen the key, will be back ON 。

A 、不要让起动机连续转动 15 秒以上。
B 、两次起动的最佳间隔时间为两分钟。
C 、轻轻地踏下油门踏板，转动启动开关里的钥匙到
START （启动）位置起动发动机。
D 、发动机起动后，松开钥匙，将自动回到 ON （接通）
位。
7.3 、 correct operation steps before and after Loader start ：装载机启动前后的
正确操作步骤

7.3.3 、 Engine starting (note) 发动机的起动（方法）：

A 、 Can't reunited starting if engine flywheel and the start motor not completely stop
turning, otherwise it might damage the starter gear and fly gear circle.
B 、 In the engine temperature less than 55 degrees, the oil temperature is below 45 degrees,
not high speed exercise and full load operation, especially in the winter the more should pay
attention to.
C 、 In engine operation, can't cut off the power switch, otherwise it will damage the engine.

A 、发动机飞轮和起动马达未完全停止转动时，不能再次接 合起动，否则可能损坏起动
马达齿轮和飞轮齿圈。
B 、在发动机水温低于 55 度，油温低于 45 度时，不能进行高速度行使和满负荷运转，
特别是在冬天更要注意。
C 、在发动机运转时，不能切断电源开关，否则将损坏发动机。
7.3 、 correct operation steps before and after Loader start 装载机启动前后的正确操作步
骤
7.3.4 、 After starting inspection instrument ：发动机的起动（注意事
项）
A 、 Engine water temperature meter
≥110℃ is red zone, ＜ 110℃ is white zone. When the
needle enters into red zone and engine operates, the
instrument will send out alarm sound, immediately stop
operation and driving.
A 、发动机水温表
水温表指针在绿区范围内时（温度 60-95℃ ），水温正
常。
如果发动机水温进入红色区域，应停机检查。
7.3 、 correct operation steps before and after Loader start 装载机启动前后的正确操作步
骤：
7.3.4 、 After starting inspection instrument ：起动后仪表检
查
B 、 Torque converter oil temperature meter

≥110℃ is red zone, ＜ 110℃ is white zone. When

the needle enters into red zone and engine

operates, the instrument will send out alarm sound.

B 、变矩器油温表
油温表指针在绿区范围内时（温度 60-
110℃ ），油温正常。
如果指针指到红色区域，应停机检查。
7.3 、 correct operation steps before and after Loader start 装载机启动前后的正确操作步
骤：
7.3.5 、 note after starting loader ：起动后仪表检
查
• No load condition in the middle speed running five minutes or so.
• Can’t sudden burst of speed when preliminary heating
• Can't let the engine operation at high or low speed more than 20 minutes in the neutral.
• Check the braking effect: the road surfaces in dry, with 24 km/h speed driving, sure braking
distance is not more than 9 m.

• 发动机在无负荷状态下中速运行 5 分钟左右。
• 不能在预热阶段突然加速发动机。
• 不能让发动机在高速空挡或低速空挡位上连续运行 20 分钟以上。
• 检查制动效果：在干燥平整的水泥路面上，以 24km/h 的速度行使，确定制动距
离不大于 9m 。
7.4 、 Basic operational methods of loader ：装载机基本作业方法：

7.4.1 、 Shovels method ：铲装方法：

One-time shovels
一次铲装法

Cooperate with shovels

配合铲装法
7.4 、 Basic operational methods of
loader ：装载机基本作业方法：
7.4.2 、 Contrast shovels rocks and
earth ：岩石、土方作业对比：
※ Shovels rock: the bucket should be down a dip Angle
※ Shovels earthwork: bucket should level down, then shoveling
※ Insert the bucket to the materials, should improve arm not
insert made the bucket too deep.
※ By improving the arm, tire to generate enough traction.

※ 铲装岩石，铲斗应有向下的一个倾角；
※ 铲装土方，铲斗应水平放下，正对料堆铲入
；
※ 铲斗插入料堆的同时，应提升动臂不使铲斗
插入太深。
※ 通过提高动臂，使轮胎产生充足的牵引力。
7.4 、 Basic operational methods of
loader ：装载机基本作业方法：
7.4.3 、 note when operate the control
handle ：操作动作手柄注意事项：
1 、 The bucket to limit position, do not
continue to strong pull control handle.
2 、 Unloading should be uniform, slow,
should not be one discharge exactly.
3 、 After unloading, take back the
bucket then operate the arm, Avoid
"pull cylinder" phenomenon.

1 、铲斗到达极限位置后，不可继续强
扳操纵手柄。
2 、卸料应匀速、缓慢，不应一卸到底
3 、卸料后，应先收斗后收动臂，以免
出现“拔缸”现象。
7.4 、 Basic operational methods of loader ：装载机基本作业方法：
7.4.4 、 Ground level off operation ：地面平整作业：

The bucket pack material, and then back to the vehicle and a material scattered a little bit.
铲斗装好料，然后车辆倒退并将斗中的料一点点散落。
7.4 、 Basic operational methods of loader ：装载机基本作业方
法：
7.4.5 、 Cross loading and unloading ：交叉装卸：

The shortest time for loading and unloading.

该装卸方法循环时间最短。
7.4 、 Basic operational methods of loader ：装载机基本作业方法
：
7.4.6 、“ V ” loading and
unloading ： V 形装卸：

V type Angle is smaller, the working efficiency is higher.

装载机作业的 V 型角度越小，工作效率就越高。
7.5 、 Loader maintenance ：装载机保养注意事项：
7.5.3 、 Interval Technical Maintenance 装载机保养检查项
Check the oil level in gear box 检查变速箱油位
目、 Daily Technical Maintenance:
A
1.Check the oil level in engine crankshaft box. Feed the oil to the scale if it is not
enough. If the oil level is too high and oil becomes thin, it is necessary to find
the fault and remove it.
2 .Check the oil level in fuel tank and feed fuel in full.
3.Check that engine, torque converter, gear box, oil pump, hydraulic steering gear
are fastened and tightened and if they are overheat.
4.Check that oil, water and gas pipelines are leaked.
5.Check that the connection bolts of transmission shaft and pin shaft are fastened.
6.Clean and remove the oil dirt, soil and sundries.
Check the oil level in fuel tank Check gas storage 检
检查柴油油位
7.Check that all parts and components sound noise when they operate. 查储气筒水位
A 、每日技术保养：
1 ．检查发动机曲轴箱内机油油面，不足时则加油至规定油位；若油面过高并
逐渐变稀，应找出原因于以排除。
2 ．检查燃油箱油面，并尽量予以加满。
3 ．检查发动机和变矩器、变速箱、油泵、液压转向器的固定、密封，以及有
无过热现象。
4 ．检查各油、水、气管路有无渗漏现象。
5 ．检查传动轴以及销轴等处的连接螺栓，有无丢失或松动现象。 Check the oil level in Check the water in
6 ．进行必要的清洁工作，除去机器的油污、泥士、杂物等。 engine crankshaft box engine 检查水位
7 ．检查各部件运转时有无异常声音，或其它不正常现象。 检查机油油位
7.5 、 Loader maintenance ：装载机保养注意事项：
7.5.3 、 Interval Technical Maintenance 装载机保养检查
项目：
B 、 Weekly Technical Maintenance:
The following items are checked except daily maintenance:
1.Feed and replace lubricating oil according to the Lubricant Feeding Periodic Chart.
2.Clean the oil filter, fuel filter and air clearer of engine.
3.Check the belts of fan and generator are tensioned and readjust.
4.Check the oil level of injection pump and feed the oil if required.
5.Check liquid level of storage battery and specific gravity of electro-hydraulic. The liquid level of
electro-hydraulic should be between 10 – 15 mm shown in polar. If it is not enough,
distilled water shall be added. The specific gravity of electro-hydraulic generally is not
below 1.27 and the normal value is 1.28 ~ 1.29 at the weather temperature of 15℃.
6.Check that the control levers of the throttle, hand brake and gearshift system operate and the
clearance of pedal is suitable. They are adjusted if required.
B 、每周技术保养：
1 ．按润滑图表加油和换油。
2 ．清洗发动机燃油粗滤器和空气滤清器。 Check the belts are
3 ．检查风扇及充电发电机传动皮带的松紧程度，并进行调整。
4 ．检查喷油泵机油存量，需要时添注机油 tensioned and readjust.
5 ．检查电瓶液面及电液比重，电解液面应在极板上 10—15 毫米处，不足时可加蒸馏水补
充；电解液比重一般不应低于 1.27 ，正常值在 15℃ 气温下应为 1.28 ～ 1.29 。 检查皮带张紧度
6 ．检查油门、手制动、变速等操纵杆系，是否正常灵活，踏板的行程和间隙是否合适，根
据需要加以调整和加注润滑油。
 the filters
in gearbox
变矩器精
滤
7.5 、 Loader maintenance ：装载机保养注意事项：
Interval Technical Maintenance 装载机保养检查项目
C 、 Every Month Technical Maintenance:
The following items are checked except daily maintenance
and weekly maintenance:
1.Clean the engine oil filter and fuel filter.
2.Check the pressure and wear of tires. The tire pressure
normally is 0.294 ~ 3.136 Mpa (3.0 ~ 3.2 kgF/cm2). The lower pressure is suitable for soft road.
3.Clean up the filters in hydraulic oil tank and gearbox. Check the
4.Add the lubricating oil according to Lubricant Feeding Periodic Chart. oil levels
5.Check that the oil levels of the final transmission of front and rear axle and hub reduction gear of hub
are the level stipulated. reduction
6.Check that the bolts of swinging bracket, front and rear axle hub and braking system are fastened. gear 轮边
7.Check that there are any cracks in the thrust area of all welds in front and rear frame and 油位检查
operating device. 位置
8. ▲ After
C 、每月技术保养： 150-hour operation, check the piston and seal cup ring of brake pump. If there are any
mechanical damages or scale in seal ring lip, they are replaced.
1 、清洗发动机机油精滤器和燃油精滤器。
2 、检查轮胎气压磨损，轮胎气压为 0.27 ～ 0.29MPa （ 2 ． 8 ～ 3 公斤／㎡），地面松软时气 Check
压宜偏低 the oil
3 、清洗液压油箱内液压油粗、精滤油器，及变速箱油粗、精滤清器。 levels
4 、按润滑图表向水泵轴承及传动轴等处加润滑脂。 of main
5 、检查前后桥主传动及轮边减速器油面，不足时加油至规定油面。 driver of
6 、检查并紧固摆架，前后桥轮壳及制动器的紧固螺栓。 axle 主传
7 、检查前后车架及工作装置，各受力焊缝有无裂纹。 动油位检
8 、工作满 150h ，拆检制动总泵活塞和密封，检查有无损伤和密封唇产生沟槽，有异常情况，更 查位置
 Torque
7.5 、 Loader maintenance ： converter
air plug
7.5.3 、 Interval Technical Maintenance ：
D 、 Every Season Technical Maintenance:
The following items are checked except daily maintenance, weekly maintenance and monthly
maintenance:
1.Clean the cooling system of engine. Gearbox
2.Lubricate the charging generator and starting motor and check the electric equipment and air plug
tailpieces. If there is any burned scale, it is necessary to clear up.
3.Check the clearance of air valve. If necessary, it should be adjusted.
4.Check the gas distribution timer and injection advance angle. If necessary, they should be
adjusted.
5.Check the injection mass and pressure of injection nozzle. If necessary, they are cleaned
and adjusted.
6.Check and clean the breather holes of brake pump, front and rear axle, gearbox and torque
converter.
7.Apply the lubricating grease on transmission shaft.
8.Replace the engine oil in crankshaft chamber and injection pump. Driving
9.Check the leakages in pressure pump, air reservoir, brake valve and air pipelines. axle air
10.Check that there is or not a serious sedimentation in cylinder of operating device. It is plug
necessary to troubleshoot the cylinder, piston and distribution valve and replace the
damaged sealing parts if required.
 变矩器透气塞
使用和保养
5.5 、装载机保养注意事项：
5.5.3 、装载机保养检查项目：
D 、每季度技术保养：
1 ．清洗发动机冷却系统。
2 ．润滑充电发动机和起动电机，并检查电器设备，
各接线头，发现烧痕应予清除。 变速箱透气塞
3 ．检查发动机气门间隙，必要时调整。
4 ．检查配气定时及喷油提前角，必要时予以调整。
5 ．检查喷油咀的喷油质量和喷油压力，必要时进行
清洗和调整。
6 ．检查和清洗制动总泵及前后桥、变速箱、变矩器
的通气孔。
7 ．向伸缩传动轴加润滑脂。
8 ．更换柴油机曲轴箱及喷油泵机油。 驱动桥透气塞
9 ．检查压气泵、储气筒、刹车间及空气管路的泄漏
情况。
10 ．检查工作装置油缸有无严重自动沉降现象，必要
时检修油缸、活塞及多路阀，更换损坏的密封件。
 7.5 、 Loader maintenance ：装载机保养注意事项：
7.5.3 、 Interval Technical Maintenance ：装载机保养检查项目

E 、 Semiannually Technical Maintenance:

The following items are checked except daily E 、每半年技术保养：
maintenance, weekly maintenance, monthly 1 ．清洗发动机油底壳，燃油箱及
maintenance and season maintenance: 其管道。
1.Clean the sump of engine, fuel tank and pipes. 2 ．按润滑图表进行全面的润滑清
2.Clean and replace the lubricating oil according to 洗和换油。
Lubricant Feeding Periodic Chart. 3 ．检查手制动器的磨损，必要时
3.Check the wear of hand brake and replace it if 更换。
required. 4 ．检查全部仪表和灯光。
4.Check all the meters and lights. 5 ．检查更换制动总泵密封皮碗。
5.Check and replace the sealing cup ring of brake
pump. 。
7.5 、 Loader maintenance ：装载机保养注意事项：
7.5.3 、 Interval Technical Maintenance ：装载机保养检查项目
E：、 Annually Technical Maintenance:
1.Make the overhaul of diesel engine according to F 、每年技术保养：
Operation Instruction of Engine. 1 ．按发动机说明书对柴油机进行检修。
2.Dismount gearbox, torque converter, front and rear 2 ．根据实际情况对变速箱、变矩器、前
axle differential gear and hub reduction gear 后桥、差速器、轮边减速器进行解体检
and inspect, repair or replace the damaged 查，修复和更换损坏的零件。
parts.
3 ．检查转向器及其转向角度空转间隙，
3.Check the steering gear and its steering angle and
idle clearance and repair and replace the 修复和更换损坏的零件。
damaged parts. 4 ．对制动系统各部件进行解体检查，修
4.Dismount the brake system and check, repair and 复和更换损坏的零件。
replace the damaged parts. 5 ．检查工作装置与车架有无变形、裂
5.Check if or not there are any deformation, crack 纹、损坏，应予及时修复。
and damage in operating device and frame and
repair timely if required.
Trouble shooting 故障排除

trouble cause solving

No enough 1. Engine lack of power. 1. Check and eliminate the fault
power 2. Braking not loose or braking disc. according to instruction book.
3. Transmission oil pressure low, clutch 2. Loose manual braking and
slipping. bleeding the wheel braking.
4. Transmission fuel volumn 3. Check the transmission clutch
insufficient. and adjust the torque converter inlet
valve pressure.
4. Supplement fresh oil
 trouble cause solving
Oil temperature too high Oil radiator blocked. Clean radiator.
 trouble cause solving
Oil temperature too high filter blocked. Clean or change
 trouble cause solving
The level of transmission Oil leak from shaft end of steering Change oil seal of pump
oil increase pump or work pump
 trouble cause
Abnormal noises 1. Turbine wheel fixed circle ring
damage, turbine wheel and pump
wheels working face of friction
2. Worn gear
solving
1.Check whether any Aluminium
powder in the oil, then
decomposition and repair
2.Check gear
 trouble cause solving
Gear no pressure, no 1. Transmission oil level low. 1. Supplement fresh oil
gear, or gear 2. Oil way not clean, first and secondary or distribution valve is 2. Dismantle the first and secondary filter and
pressure too low blocked, distribution valve plug stucked. distribution valve. Use pure oil for purging, discharge the oil in
3. Distribution valve stable pressure valve stucked or throttle hole the tank completely, and then fill in fresh oil.
blocked. 3. Dismantle the part and clean it.
4. Torque converter inlet valve pressure too low. 4. Adjust inlet valve end nut. Press the spring to increase
5. Distribution valve slaving valve plug stucked, O-shape ring disabled. pressure.
6. Gear valve chamber leakage. 5. Clean distribution valve, change O-shape ring.
7. Clutch axle oil sealing disabled. 6. Change valve body.
8. Oil pump disabled. 7. Change oil sealing ring.
8. Change fuel pump.
 trouble cause solving
Check and repair
Only one gear The gear clutch already damaged can't
separate
 trouble cause solving
Gear no pressure, no gear, or Distribution valve stable pressure valve stucked or throttle hole 1.Dismantle the part and clean it.
gear pressure too low. blocked. 2.Change new oil
2. Oil not clean
 trouble cause solving
Gear pressure waving 1. Oil system indrawing too much air, 1. exhaust air
dramatically, running 2. The first or second filter 2.Clean the filter
unstable. Abnormal distribution valve is blocked 3.Add oil
noises 3.The oil of transmission is too low
 trouble cause solving
1. Rubber sealing ring disabled.
1. Change rubber sealing ring.
Oil leakage. 2. Combining surface rough or cushion ring
2. Flat or change cushion ring.
disabled.

1. Air pressure too low. 1. Check air leakage and eliminate the fault.
2. Accerator rubber sealing cup abrasive. 2. Change the faulty part.
3. Braking vale intaking air delayed. 3. Check and adjust the size of the inlet valve hole of the
4. Braking valev exhausting valve leakage. brake valve.
5. Braking hydraulic channel and disc braker 4. Repair the faulty part.
Braking power
leakage. 5. Check and repair the faulty part.
insufficient.
6. Air entered into braking hydraulic tube. 6. Bleed air.
7. Brake master pump oil inlet hole blocked. 7. Clean the hole.
8. Brake oil insufficient. 8. Fill oil.
9. Brake block abrasive. 9. Change the brake block.
10. Brake block saturated by oil. 10. Change the brake block.

Step missed
occasionally
1. Master pump rubber sealing cup edge is
when pressing 1. Change rubber sealing cup.
abrasive and slotting.
the brake pedal, 2. Change master pump valve.
2. Inflexible, aging.
but return 3. Change rubber cup sealing layer.
3. Rubber cup sealing layer rolling up.
normal after a
while.
 trouble cause solving
1. Working hydraulic fuel tank oil level too low.
1. Fill in oil as specified.
2. Channel leak, sealing disabled.
Too much steering 2. Change sealing part, fix the connector.
3. Cylinder inside leakage, flow insufficient.
ring, steering 3. Change oil sealing ring.
4. Steering gear rotor abrasive.
torque 4. Change the abrasive steering rotor.
5. Temperature low, oil sticky, or using the
insufficient. 5. Change oil as specified.
improper oil.
6. Adjust pressure to 14Mpa.
6. Steering valve pressure low.
 trouble cause solving
1. Rotor and stator locked, valvel plug, valve 1. Dismantle and check, clean and
Not able to steer body, valve bushing locked with each reset the malfunction parts.Or
or steering other. change the part.
malfunctio 2. Linking plug break. 2. Change the malfunction part.
n. 3. Spring disabled. 3. Change the malfunction part.
4. Steering fuel pump invalid. 4. Change the malfunction part.
 trouble cause solving
1. Adjust to rated pressure.
1. Safe valve pressure adjusting improper.
2. Change oil pump or adjust slipping valve and
2. Gear fuel pump and valve clearance are
Working device motion valve body clearance.
leaking seriously.
speed is low, lifting 3. Clean the filter.
3. Feul tank filter blocked.
force insufficient. 4. Fill in qualified oil to the specific oil level.
4. Fuel level low, using improper oil.
5. Check the sealing part according to natural
5. Cylinder inner leakage.
settlement volumn. Change oil sealing part.
 trouble cause solving
High oil temperature 1.Under heavy load in high temperature for a 1. Stop machine and rest
long time 2. Replace the seal
2. Oil pump axial gap is too big, seal damage 3. Use ChangLin designated oil
3.Poor quality of oil 4.Clean or change
4. filter blocked.
Thanks ！

THE END