Document: Aerodynamic Effects Of Active Components

Issue:  A

Date: April 9, 2018

Author: Skitter Yaeger

Program name:  GREEN4U Le Mans GT-EV

Program number:  G4U-01-GTEV

Aerodynamic Effects of
Active Components
road and race appendages
I. Road Car Static Aero: Viper

GTS T/A 1.0 ACR Extreme DRS%

kW 485 485 485 -
Top Speed (km/h) 332 311 285 116%
Est. Cd 0.364 0.443 0.541 67%
Est. Cl 0.102 0.232 0.819 12%
Downforce (kg) 68 126 544 12%
Downforce @km/h 241.4 241.4 241.4 -
 I. Road Car Static Aero: Corvette C7

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 DRS% ZR1 Low Zr1 High DRS%

kW 485 485 485 - 563 563 -
Top Speed (km/h) 314 306 299 105% 341 321 106%
Est. Cd 0.462 0.500 0.536 86% 0.452 0.543 83%
Est. Cl -0.03 0.152 0.279 -11% 0.259 0.446 58%
Downforce (kg) -17 87 159 -11% 147 254 58%
Downforce @km/h 241.4 241.4 241.4 - 241.4 241.4 -
II. Road Car Active Aero: Splitter

Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio Mercedes-AMG GT-R Porsche 911 Turbo S

Lowers, opening path, Also raises rear wing,
+100kg @300km/h
+/- 40kg downforce. -2s Nordschliefe
II. Road Car Active Aero: Bugatti

Downforce Top Speed Handling DRS% Braking DRS%

Est. Cd 0.360 0.410 88% 0.680 53%
Est. Cl 0.034 0.221 15% 0.315 11%
Veyron
Downforce (kg) 54 350 15% 500 11%
Downforce @km/h 370 370 - 370 -
Est. Cd 0.350 0.380 92% 0.590 59%
Est. Cl - - - 0.476 -
Chiron
Downforce (kg) - - - 907 -
Downforce @km/h - - - 400 -
 II. Road Car Active Aero: Ferrari GT

*active, drag and downforce not

measured at the same time F12 tdf* 812* 599XX Evo Low 599XX Evo High DRS%
Est. Cd 0.299 0.302 0.287 - - -
Est. Cl .258 0.483 0.475 0.678 0.902 75%
Downforce (kg) 123 230 230 330 440 75%
Downforce @km/h 200 200 200 200 200 -
II. Road Car Active Aero: Ferrari Mid8

*active, drag and downforce not 458 Speciale Speciale 488 488
measured at the same time DRS%
Italia Low High GTB* Pista*
Est. Cd 0.330 0.350 0.380 92% 0.323 0.333
Est. Cl 0.360 0.465 0.530 88% 0.540 0.648
Downforce (kg) 140 181 206 88% 210 252
Downforce @km/h 200 200 200 - 200 200
 II. Road Car Active Aero: LaFerrari

LaFerrar LaFerrar FXX-K FXX-K Evo Evo

DRS% DRS% DRS%
i Low i High Low High Trim High
Est. Cd 0.300 - - - - - - - -
Est. Cl 0.204 0.816 25% 0.265 1.224 22% 0.614 1.451 42%
Downforce (kg) 90 360 25% 117 540 22% 830 640 42%
Downforce @km/h 200 200 - 200 200 - 350 200 -
II. Road Car Active Aero: Ford

No published aerodynamic values.

II. Road Car Active Aero: Koenigsegg

Speed Downforce DRS%

Est. Cd 0.330 0.370 89%
Est. Cl 0.475 0.798 60%
Downforce (kg) 830 450 60%
Downforce @km/h 440 250 -
II. Road Car Active Aero: Lamborghini

No published aerodynamic values.

II. Road Car Active Aero: McLaren

Speed Downforce DRS%

Est. Cd 0.340 0.418 81%
Est. Cl 0.475 0.815 58%
Downforce (kg) 600 600 58%
Downforce @km/h 350 257 -
 II. Road Car Active Aero: Mercedes IAA

Retracted Bumper Ends+Splitter Flatten Wheel 290mm Tail Extension DRS%

Est. Cd 0.250 0.235 0.225 0.190 76%
II. Road Car Active Aero: Mitsubishi

Speed Downforce DRS%

Est. Cd 0.200 0.400 50%
Est. Cl 0.000 0.500 0%
Downforce (kg) 0 219 0%
Downforce @km/h 200 200 -
II. Road Car Active Aero: Pagani
Huayra

Independent Flaps 2 Front, 2 Rear

Inputs Speed, Steering, Acceleration X & Y, Yaw Rate
Est. Cd Variable: 0.310 to 0.370
II. Road Car Active Aero: Porsche 918

Efficiency Speed Performance DRS%

Est. Cd 0.350 0.395 0.415 84%
Est. Cl 0.155 0.270 0.345 45%
Downforce (kg) 132 230 300 45%
Downforce @km/h 300 300 300 -
III. Race Car Static Aero: Low Wing
IV. Race Car Active Aero
• 1952-55 Mercedes-Benz 300SL-SLR air brake
• 1966-7, Chapperal 2E-F adjustable wing
• 1968 Lotus 49B adjustable wings
• 1969 Porsche 906-141, 908 LH, 917 Langcheck
• 1970 Chapperal 2J sucker car
• 1978 Brabham BT46B fan car
• 1983 Renault RE40 exhaust blown diffuser
• 1994 Mercedes-Benz C-Class DTM active splitter ducts
• 1998 Formula 1 flexible wings
• 2010 McLaren MP4/25 F-Duct
• 2011 Formula 1 rear wing DRS
• 2012 Mercedes AMG W03 front wing F-duct
• Opened and fed by rear wing DRS, maintaining center of pressure
• 2013 Lotus E20, speed activated ‘aero-switch’ ducts
• 2013 DTM rear wing DRS
• 2019 Porsche 919 Evo active front diffuser angle, rear wing DRS
V. GT-EV Targets
• Minimum downforce::mass ratio defined by LMGTE pace.
• Must maintain COP location.
• Actual coefficients will vary based on frontal area.
• Active wing angle shows fairly consistent slope.
• Downforce reduction more than drag reduction.
• Still useful thanks to rolling resistance reduction.
• 458 Speciale only published values for active diffuser.
• No known drag values for active rear spoiler.
• LaFerrari: Largest change in Cl, twice the effect of wing angle.
• Underbody activation/interaction a critical factor.
V. GT-EV Targets
V. GT-EV Targets
 DRS estimates met or exceeded by deltas for wing-angle on road cars.
 Due to frontal area, overall drag levels are already commendably low.
 Future sweeps need to consider downforce reduced to LMGTE levels.