Solution of Transcendental Equation

We discuss four method to solve algebraic and

transcendental equation:
I. Iteration method
II. Bisection method
III. Newton-Raphson method
IV. Regula-Falsi method
V. Secant metod

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 An important Statement

• To locate a root of an equation f (x) 0 the following statement

of differential calculus is useful .

• If f (x) is continuous in the interval  a, b and f (a) and f (b) are

of opposite signs then the equation f (x) 0 has at least one
root lying between a and b

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METHOD OF ITERATION
METHOD OF SUCCESSIVE ITERATION

• Let f (x)0 be the given equation ,algebraic or transcendental.

Suppose the equation can be expressed in the form.
x  g ( x)
• Where g ( x ) is a continuous function.
• Let x 0 be an approximate value of the root of the function.
Now the value g ( x 0 ) of the function g ( x ) at x  x 0 ,is
the next approximation of the root, called first approximation
and we put,
x1  g ( x 0 )

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• Similarly, the second, third, fourth, etc, approximations are
given by

x2  g(x1 ), x3  g(x2 ), x4  g(x3 ),xn  g(xn1 )

• The sequence  x n   x 0 , x 1 , x 2 ,  x n , 
is called the sequence of successive appproximations.
the iterative process is said to converge, if the sequence  xn
converges to a root of the equation.

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 CONDITION FOR THE CONVERGES

• Let f (x) 0, be the equation, which can be written in the form
• xg(x), g(x) is a continuous function. let  be the root
• f (x) 0 and I be the interval containing  .Then for any x0 I
the sequence of successive approximations  x n  converges
to  if
g / ( x ) 1

for all x I

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 Problem

I. Find the real root lying between 1 and 2 of the equation

x3 3x 1 0
using the method of iteration.(Ex-4)
cosx  3x 1
II. Find a real root of the equation correct to 4
decimal places by the method of iteration.(Ex-5)

2x  cosx  3
III. Find a root of theequation correct to 3 decimal
places, near
x  .(Ex-3)
2

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IV. Find the real root lying between 2 and 3 of the equation
3x  log10 x  6
using the method of iteration.(Ex-6)