GEAR DESIGN

P R E S E N T E D B Y:
DUQUE, LOUIE
FA J A R D O , A N T H O N Y
JIMENEZ, ANTON
P E R E I R A , I VA N N A
PEREZ, REYVEN
QUIAPO, AIREEN
TA D I Q U E , G E R A L I N E
VARIOUS ELEMENTS OF GEAR DESIGN AND THE
CONDITIONS FOR DETERMINING ELEMENTS

• Dimensional Considerations
• Amount and Direction of Force Considerations
• Usage and Handling Considerations
• Conditions Concerning the Manufacturing and Economy
• Environmental Conditions of Gear Usage
DIMENSIONAL CONSIDERATIONS

CENTER DISTANCE OF THE SHAFTS

Normally gears matching the center distance between the shafts is
used, but there are occasions when profile shifting is used.

AVAILABLE SPACE FOR MOUNTING GEARS

The decisions on tooth widths and outside diameters are affected by
this.
AMOUNT AND DIRECTION OF FORCE
CONSIDERATIONS
THE AMOUNT OF FORCE TRANSMISSION AND THE
REQUIRED STRENGTH OF GEARS
Chiefly conditions affecting bending and tooth surface strengths
which are determined by material, pitch, pressure angle, profile
shifting amount, tooth width, heat treating methods, etc.
AMOUNT AND DIRECTION OF FORCE
CONSIDERATIONS
DIRECTION OF FORCE TRANSMISSION
Affects the decision of tooth helix direction and type of gears (e.g.
use of racks for linear motion).

DESIRED SPEED RATIO

Determined by the choices of numbers of teeth.
USAGE AND HANDLING
CONSIDERATIONS
DURABILITY OF GEARS
Since it is mostly determined by the bending and tooth surface
strengths, it influences the decision on material, pitch, pressure
angle, profile shifting amount, tooth width, heat treating methods,
etc.
RELATED TO THE WEIGHT AND
MAINTAINABILITY
Determines mainly the size, form, material (specific gravity),
and method of shaft attachment.
USAGE AND HANDLING
CONSIDERATIONS (CONT.)
RELATED TO NOISE AND VIBRATION
Affects the decisions chiefly on precision grade, need for tooth
grinding, use of crowning or end relief, material, amount of
backlash and lubrication method.
RELATED TO SHOCK AT START AND STOP TIME
Related to gear strength so that it is influenced by material,
pitch, pressure angle, profile shifting amount, tooth width, heat
treating methods, etc.
CONDITIONS CONCERNING THE
MANUFACTURING AND ECONOMY
EASE OF PRODUCTION AND POSSIBLE
UTILIZATION OF AVAILABLE PRODUCTION
FACILITIES
Influenced by manufacturing method, size and many other
elements.
MANUFACTURING COST
Affects choices of material, use of gear grinding, surface finish,
precision class, etc.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF
GEAR USAGE
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
Influences the selection of material, kind of surface treatment,
etc.
CLEANLINESS AND SANITARY CONSIDERATIONS
Determines material, type of surface treatment, lubrication
method, etc.
 BASIC
KNOWLEDGE OF
THE MECHANICAL
DESIGN OF GEARS
GEARING FALLS ROUGHLY INTO THE
FOLLOWING FIVE CATEGORIES:
• Spur gear
• Bevel gear

• Helical gear
GEARING FALLS ROUGHLY INTO THE
FOLLOWING FIVE CATEGORIES:
• Screw gear • Worm and worm wheel
INVOLUTE FUNCTION
•  
When the pressure angle α of the optional point P’ on the
involute curve is shown,

So, if 20°,

The formula above is expressed as , and is used to calculate

tooth thickness.
FORMULA FOR GEARING
•  
A pressure angle of 20° is the JIS standard.
m (module) : tooth size (mm)
P0 : pitch diameter (mm)
Dk : tip diameter (mm)
Z : number of tooth
Ca : center distance (mm)
In this case,

m becomes bigger as the number of tooth is fewer.

 FORMULA FOR GEARING (CONT.)
•Also,
 

Thus, the tooth tip is 1*m from pitch diameter, and 1.25*m to the tooth bottom.
The bottoms of intermeshing gears interfere, so the minimum number of teeth is:

(αc is tool pressure angle)

When αc is 20°, Zg becomes 17.

The interference of tooth bottoms of gears is called “undercut”. Any slight undercut
is normal and the minimum number of teeth is 14.
SIMPLIFIED DESIGN METHOD FOR
GEAR
• When setting center distance Ca and speed ratio, the outline
of the module is also set based on transmitting power.
• Choose the number of teeth for the small pinion (minimum
is 14) and determine the number of teeth of the big gear by
the speed ratio.
• Calculate the pitch diameter and adjust the number of teeth
until the sum of half of each pitch diameter matches the
speed ratio.
GEAR CUTTING

GENERATING METHOD
In the generating method, involute tooth is shaped by rack type
or pinion type cutter based on the principal of an involute curve.
FORMING METHOD
In the forming method, the gear is cut by a plain milling
machine, using disc shaped gear cutter that matches the gear tooth
groove.
DESIGNING CONDITIONS IN CHOOSING A
TIMING BELT FROM COMMERCIAL ITEMS
• Machine type • Speed ratio (big pulley /
• Transmitting power small pulley)
(rated output of motors) • Tentative distance
• Extent of load variation between two axes
• Operating hours per day • Operating conditions
• Rotation speed of small (temperature, humidity)
pulley