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Research Process - Ethics
Research Process - Ethics
and Ethics
Practical Research I
Metamorphosis
THE RESEARCH PROCESS
Generating ideas
Research Design
Translation of research questions into research variables
Choosing appropriate sampling and data collection methods
Choosing appropriate analysis method
Deciding on a time frame and budget
Writing the research proposal
Impact Daily
assessment evaluation
EVALUATION PHASE
Writing of
Collect data Analyze data
report
IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
Write
Choose topic Review Lit What method? proposal
PLANNING PHASE
Research Process
1. Select a general problem
2. Review the literature of the problem
3. Select a specific research problem,
question, or hypothesis.
4. Collect data.
5. Analyze and present or display data.
6. Interpret the findings and state
conclusions or generalizations regarding
the problem.
Factors in Selecting a Research
Problem
1. Researcher’s area of interest
2. Availability of funds
3. Investigator’s ability and training
ETHICS IN RESEARCH
Ethics (or morals) - rules for distinguishing
between right and wrong, such as the Golden
Rule ("Do unto others as you would have them do
unto you")
- a code of professional conduct like the
Hippocratic Oath ("First of all, do no harm")
- a religious creed like the Ten Commandments
("Thou Shalt not kill...")
- norms for conduct that distinguish between
acceptable and unacceptable behavior.
Ethical Considerations
Voluntary participation - requires an
informed consent so that participants
are fully informed about the procedures
and risks involved in research and give
their consent to participate.
Freedom from risk of harm -
researchers should not put participants
in a situation where they might be at risk
as a result of their participation (physical
and psychological)
Ethical Considerations
Confidentiality - identifying information
will not be made available to anyone
who is not directly involved in the study
(principle of anonymity, guarantee of
privacy).
Person's right to service - use of a no-
treatment control group -- a group of
participants who do not get the
treatment or program that is being
studied; rights to equal access to
services are being curtailed
Ethical Principles
Honesty
Objectivity
Integrity
Carefulness
Respect for Intellectual Property
Confidentiality
Responsible Publication
Social Responsibility
Animal Care
Human Subjects Protection
Unethical practices in conducting
research
• 1. Deceiving a respondent about the true
purpose of a study
• 2. Asking a respondent questions that
cause him or her extreme embarrassment;
guilt emotional turmoil by remaining him or
her of an unpleasant experience
• 3. Invading the privacy of a respondent
Unethical practices in conducting
research
Essay: (5pts)
Why is research said to be a pursuit for
trust?
Modified True or False
• Write TRUE if the statement is
correct and change the
underlined word/s if the statement
is false or incorrect
1. Research and inquiry both requires
investigation.
2. Inquiry doesn’t involve higher order
thinking skills.
3. Research requires a systematic
process to be able to come up with a
reliable result.
4. Researchers can study their respondents
or research subjects anytime.
5. Respondents information should be
always available to everyone.
6. Research is a pursuit of happiness because
it looks for concrete and valid evidences to a
solution.
7. We can solve a problem by just being
inquisitive.
8. Researchers can observe the subjects first
before telling them the purpose of
observation.
9. Confidentiality involves the principle of
anonymity.
10. Not respecting intellectual property is
committing plagiarism
Identification
• Identify what is asked
11-14 Characteristics of Research
15-20 Process involved in research
Essay
• How is inquiry and research the same and,
at the same time, different?