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DEVELOPMENT
MS.SANTHIYA.M,
M.Sc (N) II YEAR,
PSG CON.
INTRODUCTION
Intrauterine development:
i) Ovum/pre-embryonic period (weeks:1-2):
• Also known as ovular/germinal period.
• Embryogenesis starts with fertilization of the egg cell (ovum)
by a sperm cell (spermatozoa). Once fertilized, the ovum is
referred to as “zygote” a single diploid cell.
• The stage of ovum lasts from conception until 14 th day. This
period covers cellular replication, blastocyst formation,
umbilical development & the embryonic membranes and of the
primary germ layers.
Cont.,.,
ii) Embryo (weeks:3-8):
• Embryo lasts from the day 25 until approximately 8 weeks
when conception or until the embryo measures 3cm (12
inches) from crown to rump.
• In this stage development of organs, systems, rapid cell
division occurs and most vulnerable to malformation by
environmental teratogens.
• At the end of the 8th week all organ systems & external
structures are present.
Cont.,.,
ii) Fetus (weeks:9-40):
• The stage of the fetus lasts from 9 weeks until the
pregnancy ends. The fetus is less vulnerable to teratogens.
• Viability refers to the capacity of the fetus to survive
outside the uterus.
• Modern technology & with latest advancements viability is
now possible with 20 weeks after conception & fetus
weight atleast 500gms.
DEVELOPMENT OF FETUS BY WEEKS
OF GESTATION
1ST TRIMESTER (1-12 WEEKS):
WEEK 1-2:
• Traveling in the fallopian tube where rapid cellular
multiplication and differentiation occurs.
• The establishment of the embryonic membranes and the
germ layers (germinal period).
• Groove formed along middle of the back for the neural tube.
Cont.,.,
WEEK 3:
• Fertilization occur and form zygote.
Events:
fertilization)
fertilization).
• Arms and legs have lengthened with foot and hand areas distinguishable.
• The hands and feet have digits, but may still be webbed.
• Fetal heart tone (the sound of the heart beat) can be heard using doppler
FETAL DEVELOPMENT:
From the 10 weeks of gestation (8th week of
WEEK 10-12:
• Embryo measures 30–80 mm (1.2–3.2 inches) in length.
• Intestines rotate.
shape.
• The head comprises nearly half of the fetus' size.
Cont.,.,
• The face is well formed.
• The eyelids close and will not reopen until about the 28th week.
WEEK 13-16:
finished
•"Quickening" usually occurs (the mother and others can feel the
fetus moving).
•The fetal heartbeat can be heard with a stethoscope.
Cont.,.,
Cont.,.,
WEEK 22:
• Taste buds are starting to form on the tongue, brain &
nerve endings can process the sensation of touch.
• For boys, the testes begin to descend from the abdomen
in this week.
• For girls, the uterus & ovaries are in place – complete
with a lifetime supply of eggs.
Cont.,.,
WEEK 23:
• The fetus reaches a length of 28 cm (11.2 inches).
WEEK 24:
• Fully develops inner ear, which controls balnace.
WEEK 25:
• By 25 weeks the fetus is about 200 to 240mm in
length & weighs about 495 to 910gms.
• Skin appears wrinkled & pink to red.
• REM (rapid eye movement) begins.
• Sustained weight gain occurs.
Cont.,.,
WEEK 26-27:
• The fetus is 250 to 275mm in length & weighs about 910 to
1500 gms.
• Pupillary membrane disappears from eyes.
• The fetus often survives if born prematurely.
body functions.
• The eyelids open and close.
WEEK 36:
• Fetus is between 16 &19 inches long and weighs
about 6 - 61/2 pounds.
WEEK 37:
• As fat continues to accumulate, the fetal body will
slowly becomes rounder.
• The fetus is now full-term.
Cont.,.,
WEEK 38:
• The average fetus is 360mm in length & weighs about
3400 to 3600 gms.
• Skin is smooth.
• Chest is prominent.
WEEK 40:
• Due date arrives.
• The development is continued postnatally with adaptation
to extra uterine life & child development stages.
CONCLUSION