Proteomics

Shyra Joy V. Pangga

• Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteome.
• Proteome is dynamic, defined as the set of proteins
expressed in a specific cell, given a particular set of
conditions.
• The term proteomics was coined in 1997 in analogy
with genomics, the study of the genome.
• Proteins themselves are macromolecules: long chains
of amino acids. 
 Functions of Protein
• Building Tissues and Muscles
• Hormone Production
• Enzymes
• Immune Function
• Energy
Proteins can be organized in four structural levels:
• Primary: The amino acid • Quaternary: Interaction between
sequence, containing members multiple small peptides or
of a (usually) twenty-unit protein subunits to create a large
alphabet unit
• Secondary: Local folding of the
amino acid sequence into α
helices and β sheets
• Tertiary: 3D conformation of the
entire amino acid sequence
 Branches of Proteomics
• Structural proteomics -- in-depth analysis of
protein structure
• Expression proteomics -- analysis of expression
and differential expression of proteins
• Interaction proteomics -- analysis of interactions
between proteins to characterize complexes and
determine function.
 Challenges of Protein Profiling
• Proteomes vary by cell type.
• Proteomes vary by stage of cell development.
• Some proteins abundant, others very rare.
• Some biologically important proteins are tiny
and difficult to detect.
 Protein Profiling Techniques
• Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
• Chemical protein sequencing.
• Protein sequencing by mass spectrometry.
 Advantages of Protein Profiling
• Identify how genome is utilized in different
tissues.
• Compare healthy and diseased tissue to find
protein culprit.
• Identify targets for rationally designed drugs.
 Advantages of Understanding Protein
• Understand how proteins work together in metabolic
pathways.

• Understand regulatory networks.

• Predict side effects of designed drugs.

Thank you!