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ADVANCED MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY

Failure Under Mechanical Loading

Sham Tadwalkar September 06, 2017

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 Failure Under Mechanical Loading
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TheClick
Weightto editAnalogy
Lifter Master sub title style
Consider a weight lifter problem.

In the first case he is able to lift maximum up to 50 k.g in a relatively simple fashion.
Now consider a second case, here he is lifting the same amount of weight in a different manner.
Is it true to say here also his maximum lifting ability is 50 k.g?. Answer to this question could be Yes or No.
If you assume that, his lifting ability is same in the second case also , then this can be considered as a failure
theory for a weight lifter.

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 Failure Under Mechanical Loading
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F
σ

The Backbone of Failure Theories

In materials also we can apply the same concept of weight lifter failure theory.
Here material will undergo a simple force test(simple tension test), so one can determine what's
the maximum load capability the material has. Now, we will assume that in a complex loading condition
also, the material has the same capability. This assumption forms the backbone of Failure theories.
Concepts of Simple tension test and Principal stresses are the main 2 prerequisites to understand the
Failure theories effectively.

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 Failure Under Mechanical Loading
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Simple
Click Tension
to edit Master Test
sub title style
In Simple tension test material is pulled from both the ends, the elongation of material(strain) with respect
to the load is noted. From such an observation one can easily determine maximum strength of the material.
For ductile material upper yield point is considered to be maximum strength of material, while for brittle material
it is taken as ultimate strength of the material. From the maximum strength value of the material, values of
various other parameters can easily be calculated. Simple tension graph and upper yield point value for a ductile
material case is shown in the figure below.

Simple tension test

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 Failure Under Mechanical Loading
Principal Stress 6
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There exist to editonMaster
a plane sub
which the title
shear styleare zero and the normal stresses on this plane are called principal stress
stresses
However, a machine part is generally subjected simultaneously to several different types of stresses whose actions are
combined therefore, it is necessary to have some basis for determining the allowable working stresses so that failure
may not occur. Thus, the function of the theories of elastic failure is to predict from the behavior of materials in a simple
tensile test when elastic failure will occur under any conditions of applied stress.
A number of theories have been proposed for the brittle and ductile materials.

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MSST is conservative
compared to DET

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