The Mole

Concept
 Performance Task
 In celebration of the National Nutrition month, the
local government enjoined non-government
organizations (NGO) to organize health
consciousness activities and campaign against
malnutrition. Your NGO, The Consumer Group,
decided to conduct nutrition evaluation of food
products patronized by the community and inform
the public of the results of your evaluation.
 Performance Task
To do so, you need to survey the commonly used
brands of three food types and analyse the
nutritional value of each product based on the
nutrition facts indicated in the product labels. An
analysis of the relative amounts of nutrients in
each product, expressed as percentage
composition, should be shown to compare their
major nutrients.
 Performance Task
The group will hold an information
dissemination session with the members of
the community, especially parents, to
present your findings. You will also
recommend and promote the consumption of
the products that better serve the nutritional
needs of a large number of consumers.
 Performance Task
In addition, you need to encourage the
audience to practice health consciousness in
choosing food products. To further enhance
their knowledge on food nutrition, teach the
audience how to read and analyse the
nutrition information in food labels.
Avogadro’s Number and The Mole

Eggs come in dozens = convenient

12 = dozen
Atoms come in moles
6.02 x 1023 = mole = NA

NA is just a super large number

 Particles in a Mole
Amadeo
Avogadro
(1776 – 1856)

Amedeo Avogadro (1766-1856)

never knew his own number;
it was named in his honor by a
French scientist in 1909.
its value was first estimated
by Josef Loschmidt, an Austrian
chemistry teacher, in 1895.

?
quadrillions thousands
trillions billions millions

1 mole = 602213673600000000000000
or 6.022 x 1023
There is Avogadro's number of particles in a mole of any substance.
 The Mole
 One mole of softballs would be the size of the Earth!
 But atoms are so tiny that one mole of atoms is
about a handful.
 The mass of a mole of atoms = the atomic mass in
grams in the Periodic Table
1 mole of C atoms is 12.01 grams
1 mole of Na atoms is 22.99 grams
 Mole Examples
sugar

water
lead
mercury

copper
sulfur

sodium chloride
 9.2 Avogadro’s number :
6.022 x 1023 atoms or mlcls or 1 mol
1 mol 6.022 x 1023atoms or mlcls

1. How many calcium atoms are in 0.250 moles of calcium:

0.250 mol Ca (6.02 x 1023 atoms/mol) = 1.51 x 1023 Ca atoms

2. Calculate the moles of 3.75 x 1027 molecules of oxygen gas:

3.75 x 1027 mlcls O2 ( mol/6.02 x 1023 mlcls) = 6230 mol O2
 Molar Mass:
Periodic Table masses are in ( g /mol )
How many grams in one mole of
 carbon? 12.01 g/mol
 gold? 196.97 g/mol
 sodium? 22.99 g/mol
Note = these are all 6.02 x 1023 atoms!
 Molar Mass:
Calculate the molar mass of barium
hydroxide. Ba(OH)2
1.What is the formula?
2.Add up the mass for every atom.
137.33 + 2 ( 16.00) + 2 ( 1.01 ) =
171.35 g / mol
Very important – the units are grams per 1 mole, not just grams
 Grams to Moles & Vice Versa
 Use Molar Mass as (g / mol) or (mol / g)
 How many grams is 1.667 moles of oxygen gas?
 How many moles is 45 grams of silver?
 How many grams is 0.0554 moles of water?

1.667 mol O2 ( 32.00 g/mol) = 53.34 g O2

45 g Ag ( mol/ 107.87 g) = 0.42 mol Ag
0.0554 mol H2O (18.02g /mol) = 0.998 g H2O
Compute for the percentage composition
of the following compounds.

CdSO4
C2H3ClO2
HAuCl4
H2PtCl6
CoSO4