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Active Transportation

 Directly use the energy from the


hydrolysis of ATP.
 Transport materials against an energy
(concentration or electrical) gradient.

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Exocytosis & Endocytosis

 Large particles transport through the


membrane.

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Endocytosis

Exocytosis
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Intercellular Communication

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Intercellular Communication

1. Gap junction

2. Chemical messengers

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Transmembrane signal transduction

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Diagram of second messenger hypothesis

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