Diabetes

Course: Health Education

Prepared by: Sara Elhajj – Rayan Kamal – Sally

Moussa
What is Diabetes?

Carbohydrates change into

Failing to convert glucose
glucose when digested (bread,
to energy. rice, pasta…)

The hormone insulin

Diabetic eats (produced by the pancreas)
carbohydrates in moderation. is needed to transfer
glucose into the cells.
Two Main Types of Diabetes

Two Main Types

Type 1 Type 2
 What are the symptoms of diabetes?
Symptoms are quicker to appear in Type 1 diabetes, but more dangerous in Type 2.

Blurred Frequent
Unusual
vision urination
thirst

Slow-
healing Unexplained
cuts tiredness

Rapid
weight Erectile Numbness
loss (Type dysfunction or tingling in
1) hands or feet
 How is diabetes diagnosed?

Simple blood Both forms and all

test measuring Repeated to stages of diabetes
your blood confirm the are serious, with
glucose level. diagnosis. many possible
complications,
including eye, heart,
kidney, and nerve
damage.
If you are diagnosed with diabetes, what
should you do?
• Refer to a diabetes educator and/or a dietitian
prescription for a glucometer
• Begin to make life style change(exercise program, decrease
portion size, make healthy food choices, limit your intake of
concentrated sweets, increase your fiber intake)
• Test your blood sugar at varying times of the day
• Self-management affects the quality of life you lead.
What is the treatment for diabetes?

• Currently, there are no cures for both types of

diabetes, but there are many ways to restrict it.
In order to avoid diabetic complications, the
sugar levels in the blood should be under
control.
• Type 1 diabetes requires insulin:

- The insulin missing in your body is injected.

- Your insulin should be balanced with your food
intake and your physical activity.
- You need to be assisted in managing your
diabetes with a diabetes educator.
• Type 2 diabetes treatment will vary dependent
on your blood sugar levels:

- Work with a diabetes educator and a dietitian.

- Adapt to a new food and exercise program.
- Monitor your medication over time.

See your doctor every three months until your blood sugar is in control, once
it’s under control, your treatment should be reviewed every six months.
 What is good control?
The A1C test Your daily blood
measures the sugar sugar results will
coating on red blood also provide you
cells. And because with helpful
the life of a red blood information on the
cell is three months impact of foods,
the test should be physical activity, and
done every three to medications.
six months to assess Together these tests
your blood sugar should help you
control. manage your
diabetes.
Although you may not feel sick, high
blood sugar levels are damaging
blood vessels and your organs.
Complications of diabetes are
preventable if you keep your blood
sugar as close to normal as possible.
The goal is an A1C level between
6.5% -7%.
Yearly:
• Complete physical exam, foot exam, creatinine,
cholesterol, triglycerides, and urine microalbumin tests.
• You may have an electrocardiogram and/or a stress test
• Dilated eye exam by an ophthalmologist.
• Referral to a diabetes educator or nutritionist
• Referral to a smoking cessation program.
Every 3-6 months:

• A1C
• A dental exam.
Each Doctor visit:
• Weight and blood pressure

• Review all medications and supplements

• Review lifestyle changes, physical activity, how you are coping with

your diabetes at home and at work.

• Discuss changes that may be necessary in the future.

• Review problems: vision, numbness, tingling in your hands or feet,

low blood sugar reactions, digestive problems, and sexual problems.