MUSCULAR SYSTEM

PREPARED BY:
MOHAMMED WAZEER
SALIHU, RN, MSN
MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
 The muscular system is responsible for the movement
of the human body. Attached to the bones of the
skeletal system are about 700 named muscles that
make up roughly half of a person’s body weight. Each
of these muscles is a discrete organ constructed of
skeletal muscle tissue, blood vessels, tendons, and
nerves. Muscle tissue is also found inside of the heart,
digestive organs, and blood vessels. In these organs,
muscles serve to move substances throughout the
body.
PRIMARY PURPOSE OF MUSCULAR
SYSTEM:
FUNCTIONS OF THE
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
 Body movement
 Maintenance of posture
 Respiration
 Production of body heat
 Communication
 Constriction of organs and vessels
 Heart beat
DIVISIONS OF MUSCLES

Appendicular muscles

• Control the movements of the upper

and lower limbs, and stabilize and
control the movements of the
pectoral and pelvic girdles.
Types of muscle tissue:
Skeletal Muscle
With its associated
connective tissue,
constitute approximately
40% of the body weight.
Skeletal muscle is so
named because most
skeletal muscles are
attached to the skeletal
system. It is also called
STRIATED MUSCLE
because the transverse
bands or striations that
can be seen in the muscle
under the microscope.
5 functional characteristics of
skeletal muscle:

1. EXCITABLE or IRRITABLE
2. CONTRACTIBLE
3. EXTENSIBLE
4. ELASTICITY
5. ADAPTABILITY
Example of adaptability:
Muscle
Attachment
MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS
~> Is the movement of muscle fibers in response to
force or load.

 CONCENTRIC > the muscle

shortens in length as it
overcome resistance.
 ECCENTRIC > the muscle
increase in length to
accommodate resistance.
 ISOMETRIC > the muscle
resists outside stress w/out
exhibiting motion.
5 TYPES OF MUSCLE MOVEMENT:
General overview of the superficial body masculature:
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE TIBIA AND FIBULA
TONGUE AND SWALLOWING
MUSCLES
NECK MUSCLES
MUCLE ACTING ON
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL
MUSCLES ACTING ON SCAPULA
CARDIAC MUSCLE
Disorders and Other Conditions of
Muscle tissue
Disorders and Other Conditions of Muscle tissue
 CRAMPS > are painful, spastic contractions of muscle that are usually the result of
an irritation within a muscle.
Disorders and Other Conditions of Muscle tissue
 CRAMPS > are painful, spastic contractions of muscle that are usually the result of
an irritation within a muscle.
 FIBROMYALGIA > or Chronic muscle pain syndrome, has muscle pain as its main
symptom.
Disorders and Other Conditions of Muscle tissue
 CRAMPS > are painful, spastic contractions of muscle that are usually the result of
an irritation within a muscle.
 FIBROMYALGIA > or Chronic muscle pain syndrome, has muscle pain as its main
symptom.
 HYPERTROPHY > exercise causes muscular hypertrophy, w/c is an enlargement of a
muscle resulting from an increase in the number of myofibrils within muscle fibers.
Disorders and Other Conditions of Muscle tissue
 CRAMPS > are painful, spastic contractions of muscle that are usually the result of
an irritation within a muscle.
 FIBROMYALGIA > or Chronic muscle pain syndrome, has muscle pain as its main
symptom.
 HYPERTROPHY > exercise causes muscular hypertrophy, w/c is an enlargement of a
muscle resulting from an increase in the number of myofibrils within muscle fibers.
 ATROPHY > w/c is a decrease in muscle size because of a decrease in myofilaments
within muscle fibers.
Disorders and Other Conditions of Muscle tissue
 CRAMPS > are painful, spastic contractions of muscle that are usually the result of
an irritation within a muscle.
 FIBROMYALGIA > or Chronic muscle pain syndrome, has muscle pain as its main
symptom.
 HYPERTROPHY > exercise causes muscular hypertrophy, w/c is an enlargement of a
muscle resulting from an increase in the number of myofibrils within muscle fibers.
 ATROPHY > w/c is a decrease in muscle size because of a decrease in myofilaments
within muscle fibers.
 MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY > refers to a group of inherited muscle disorders in w/c
skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle tissue degenerates and the
person experiences progressive weakness and other symptoms, including heart
problems.
Disorders and Other Conditions of Muscle tissue
 CRAMPS > are painful, spastic contractions of muscle that are usually the result of
an irritation within a muscle.
 FIBROMYALGIA > or Chronic muscle pain syndrome, has muscle pain as its main
symptom.
 HYPERTROPHY > exercise causes muscular hypertrophy, w/c is an enlargement of a
muscle resulting from an increase in the number of myofibrils within muscle fibers.
 ATROPHY > w/c is a decrease in muscle size because of a decrease in myofilaments
within muscle fibers.
 MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY > refers to a group of inherited muscle disorders in w/c
skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle tissue degenerates and the
person experiences progressive weakness and other symptoms, including heart
problems.
 MYASTHENIA GRAVIS > it is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease resulting
from the destruction of acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular
junction.
Disorders and Other Conditions of Muscle tissue
 CRAMPS > are painful, spastic contractions of muscle that are usually the result of
an irritation within a muscle.
 FIBROMYALGIA > or Chronic muscle pain syndrome, has muscle pain as its main
symptom.
 HYPERTROPHY > exercise causes muscular hypertrophy, w/c is an enlargement of a
muscle resulting from an increase in the number of myofibrils within muscle fibers.
 ATROPHY > w/c is a decrease in muscle size because of a decrease in myofilaments
within muscle fibers.
 MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY > refers to a group of inherited muscle disorders in w/c
skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle tissue degenerates and the
person experiences progressive weakness and other symptoms, including heart
problems.
 MYASTHENIA GRAVIS > it is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease resulting
from the destruction of acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular
junction.
 TENDINITIS > is an inflammation of tendon or its attachment point. It usually
occurs in athletes who overtax the muscle to w/c the tendon is attached.
EFFECTS OF AGING ON MUSCULAR SYSTEM

 There is loss of muscle fibers as aging occurs. The loss begins as early
as 25 years of age and by 80 years of age, the muscle mass is reduced
by approximately 50%.
 Aging is associated with a decrease in density of capillaries in skeletal
muscles, and after exercise, a long period of time is required to
recover.
 Age related changes in skeletal muscle can be dramatically slowed if
people remain physically active. It has been demonstrated that elderly
people who are sedentary can become stronger and more mobile in
response to exercise.
 First sign of aging in the muscular system starts at the age of 40.
 At the age of 80: Decline in motor neuron activity leads to muscular
atrophy, diminished muscular strength and slower reflexes.
 Aerobics and strength training exercises can help maintain a
healthy
muscular system.
END

thank you!!! ;>