DIABETES

Mellitus
By Group 2: Kendell Caton, Desiree Bruno,
Alimah Bynoe and Hafizah Dawud.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Types of Diabetes

02
Description

01 A brief explanation of
what Diabetes Mellitus is.
Each type of Diabetes
Mellitus explained.

Symptoms

04
Causes

03 The identification of the

nature of Diabetes.
The signs indicating the
presence of Diabetes.

Diagnosis Treatment

05 The identification that

Diabetes is present.
06 The methods of dealing
with Diabetes Mellitus.

Prevention Conclusion

07 How to stop Diabetes

Mellitus from arising. 08 Summary of everything
that was covered.
Description
-Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the body does
not produce enough or respond normally to insulin,
causing blood sugar (glucose) levels to be abnormally
high.
-Doctors often use the full name diabetes
mellitus, rather than diabetes alone, to distinguish
this disorder from Diabetes Insipidus.
-Untreated high blood sugar from diabetes can damage
your nerves, eyes, kidneys, and other organs.

(Brutsaert 2020)
 Types of Diabetes
-Prediabetes occurs when your blood sugar is higher than normal, but it’s not
high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
-Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. The immune system attacks and
destroys cells in the pancreas, where insulin is made. It’s unclear what causes
this attack. About 10 percent of people with diabetes have this type.
-Type 2 diabetes occurs when your body becomes resistant to insulin, and sugar
builds up in your blood.
-Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar during pregnancy. Insulin-blocking
hormones produced by the placenta cause this type of diabetes.
 Causes
Type 1 Diabetes

The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown but it is thought to be caused by a combination of
genetic susceptibility and environmental factors.

Prediabetes & Type 2 diabetes Gestational Diabetes

This is caused by the same factors as

This is caused by cells becoming resistant to the action of
Prediabetes & Type 2 Diabetes the only
insulin, and the pancreas is unable to make enough insulin
difference that this is the result of hormonal
to overcome this resistance. Instead of moving into cells,
changes during pregnancy that make cells
sugar builds up in the bloodstream.
more resistant to insulin.
 Symptoms
Diabetes symptoms are caused by rising blood sugar. Diabetes symptoms can be so mild that they’re
hard to spot at first.
Some signs and symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus are:

Blurred Vision Fatigue

Increased thirst Red, Swollen, Tender

Gums

Extreme Hunger
Itchy Skin

Frequent Urination
Slow-healing Sores

Numbness & Tingling in

Hands & Feet Weight Loss or Gain
 Diagnosis
There are several ways to diagnose diabetes. Each way usually needs to be repeated on a second day to diagnose diabetes.
Testing should be carried out in a health care setting, such as your doctor’s office or a lab. (ADA, 2020)

A1C test Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)

-Measures average blood sugar for the past -A two-hour test that checks your blood sugar levels
two to three months. before and two hours after you drink a special sweet
-Advantages: diagnosed this way you don't drink.
have to fast or drink anything. -It tells the doctor how your body processes sugar.
-Diabetes is diagnosed at an A1C of -Diabetes is diagnosed at 2 hour blood sugar of
greater than or equal to 6.5% greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl

Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) * Random (also called Casual) Plasma Glucose Test
-Checks your fasting blood sugar levels.
-This test is a blood check at any time of the day when
(nothing to eat or drink except water for at least 8 hours
before test. you have severe diabetes symptoms.
-Usually done first thing in the morning, before -Diabetes is diagnosed at blood sugar of greater than
breakfast. or equal to 200 mg/dl
-Diabetes is diagnosed at fasting blood sugar of
greater than or equal to 126 mg/dl
 Treatment
Persons with diabetes must take responsibility for monitoring blood glucose levels, dietary management,
maintaining physical activities, monitoring oral medications and use of insulin injections if necessary.

The medications used for diabetes mellitus work in many different ways which include:
Increase the amount of insulin made and
released by the pancreas.

Delay the absorption of sugars from the

intestine.

Decrease conversion from fat to glucose.

The goal of diabetes management is to

Slow your digestion.
keep blood glucose levels as close to
normal.
 Treatment Methods

Insulin Injection Oral Medication

The use of insulin Medications may be
injections is often prescribed to improve
required to treat body’s natural insulin.
diabetes mellitus.

Diet Exercise

Consuming foods that are Exercise lowers your

high in nutrition and fiber blood sugar levels and
and low in fat and increases sensitivity to
calories. insulin
 Prevention
If you are at risk for diabetes, you may be able to prevent or delay getting it. If you make these
changes, you will get other health benefits as well.

The changes are:

Losing weight and keeping it off.

Don't smoke.

Get regular exercise. Following a healthy eating plan.

 CONCLUSION
LET’S LEARN ABOUT
DIABETES
Hello Good morning, we are group two.
We are here to talk about diabetes to you.
It’s a situation of insulin deprivation,
or your just cells lacking the insulin absorption
But let’s break it down, into the types
When you’re prediabetic the sugar a little high
But it could be worse so don’t start to cry.
The one we all know about is type two
You make less insulin and your cells resist it too
You could be pregnant and get it, just get it for a while
The placenta do you wrong, while you making the child
And start to block the insulin with the new hormones
(that’s the diabetes you call Gestational)
But the dreadest one here is the type one
Pancreas malfunction and we don’t know why
Could be Genetics or environment…. sigh
Start to damage the cells, now yuh insulin deprived
If you think you gonna this one with with diet? just don’t try
That’s not even the fix if you’re a type one guy
No No No, You can’t just exercise
You need insulin if your gonna survive.
So go check your sugar if you feel fatigued,
thirsty, hungry and yuh just always pee
sometimes its itchy skin, numbs hands and feet,
weight loss or gain, and cuts take long to heal
You could go and do a A1C, FPG, or an OGTT
but don’t wait too late, try to be healthy
Don’t smoke , eat well,
And try to exercise plenty
 References

Brutsaert By Erika F. Brutsaert, E., MD. (2020, September). Diabetes Mellitus. Retrieved March 26, 2021, from

https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/diabetes-mellitus-dm-and-disorders-
of-blood-sugar-metabolism/diabetes-mellitus-dm#:~:text=Diabetes%20mellitus%20is%20a%20disorder,they
%20are%20not%20trying%20to

Diabetes mellitus treatment. (n.d.). Retrieved April 01, 2021, from

https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/diabetes-mellitus/treatment

Diabetes. (2020, October 30). Retrieved April 01, 2021, from

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371451

Diabetes. (2020, October 30). Retrieved March 30, 2021, from

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20371444

Editor. (2020, February 14). Causes of Diabetes. Retrieved March 29, 2021, from
https://www.diabetes.co.uk/diabetes-causes.html

Watson, S. (2020, February 26). Everything You Need to Know About Diabetes. Retrieved March 30, 2021, from
https://www.healthline.com/health/diabetes
Thank You For Listening