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BKF2343
MATERIAL AND
ENERGY BALANCE

2018/2019

Chapter 2b:
Balances on Multiple
Unit Process
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Learning Outcomes:
 Interpret, illustrate and label the process
flowchart representing chemical process in
multiple units.

 Perform balance equations on multiple processes

and solve problems related to chemical processes
in multiple units.
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Multiple Unit Processes

 more than one unit processes exist in real chemical industries -
such as a series of separation unit after reactor and etc.
 to solve material problem for multiple unit process- need to
define system boundary.
 SYSTEM:
 Any portion of process that can be enclosed within a
hypothetical box (or boundary)
 It can be the entire process, an interconnected of process
unit, a single unit, a point which two or more stream come
together into one stream or etc.
 The inputs and outputs to a system are the process streams
that are intersect to the system boundary
+System of Multiple Unit Processes 4

A
Feed 2
C E

Feed 1
Unit 1 D Unit 2

Product 3
B

Product 2

Feed 3
Product 1

- Boundary A: entire process, input = feed streams (FS)

1,2,3; output: product streams (PS) 1,2,3. Overall balance.
- Boundary B: input = FS 1,2, output = stream flowing to
unit 1
- Boundary C: one input stream and two output streams
- Boundary D: input? Output?
- Boundary E: input? Output?
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Balances on Multiple Unit Processes

 Solving material balances on multiple unit

process basically same as single unit processes

 In multiple, you may have to isolate and write

balances on several subsystems of the process to
obtain enough equations to determine all
unknowns stream variables

 Always perform degree-of-freedom analysis

before solving material balance of system.
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Setting up Mass Balance Equation for

Multiple Systems -The Procedure:
 Draw a FLOWCHART and  Draw a hypothetical box
label the streams. or boundary around each
 Fill in the total and control system to
compositions of each separate each one from
component in each another.
stream  The idea here:
 Note any given values and  To isolate the units
other information and  Set up the mass balance
identify the unknown equations for each
quantities. separate unit as if they
are not connected of
each other
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SOLVING A CONTROL SYSTEM’S

BALANCE
 Each of the system will have feed (input) and also
outlet (output) streams

 Identify which system which has the least number

of unknowns (using degree-of-freedom analysis).

 Set up mass balance equations for the system.

SOLVE the mass balance for single unit system

first.
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Exercise
Calculate the unknown flow rates and composition of
stream 1,2, and 3.

40 kg/h 30 kg/h

0.9 kg A/kg 0.6 kg A/kg

0.1 kg B/kg 0.4 kg B/kg

100 kg/h 1 2 3
0.5 kg A/kg
0.5 kg B/kg

30 kg/h
0.3 kg A/kg
0.7 kg B/kg
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 SOLUTION:
+  Isolate control systems and Label unknown stream variables
(4 control systems).
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X1
1 - X1

 𝑚˙1

X1
1 - X1 = 0.77
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 𝑚˙2
 𝑚˙2

(0.23 X 60) + (0.3 X 30) = X2 X 90 kg/hr

X2

1 – X2 = 0.75
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 𝑚˙˙ 3
 𝑚 3

1 – X3 = 0.925
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Exercise
A liquid mixture containing 30 mole% benzene
(B), 25% toluene (T) and the balance xylene (X) is
fed to a distillation column. The bottoms product
contains 98 mole% X and no B, 96% of the X in
the feed is recovered in this stream. The overhead
product is fed to second column. The overhead
products from the second column contains 97% of
the B in the feed to this column. The composition
of this stream is 94 mole% B and the balance T.
Draw and label a flowchart and solve all unknowns
variable.
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