+

BKF2343
MATERIAL AND
ENERGY BALANCE

Dr. Syed Mohd Saufi

2011/2012

Revision 1
Material Balance

1
+ 2

Q1 TEST 1 13/14-I
Amine absorption process using MEA solvent is commonly used to
remove CO2 in oil and gas industries. A pilot plant study has been
conducted to examine the performance of absorber column as shown
in Figure 1 to remove CO2 from flue gas. The flue gas containing V e n t'G a s' F e e d 'S o lv e n t'
CO2 and several other species (collectively designated as A) enters A ,'C O 2 ' '''M E A '
the bottom of absorber column and contacted counter currently with
the MEA solvent. As the CO2 is absorbed into the MEA solvent, a

A b s o rb e r'
cleaner gas leaves the top of the absorber column as vent gas. The
MEA solvent feed rate to the column is 32 kmol/min. The flue gas
flowrate was measured at 4 kmol/min contains 20 mole% of CO 2. 2%
of CO2 entering the absorber column is removed at the top of column
as vent gas. F lu e 'G a s' E fflu e n t'L iq u id '
  '''A ,'C O 2 ' '''M E A ,'C O 2 '
Draw and completely label a process flowchart with all known and Figure 1: Absorption of CO2 by MEA
unknown variables (Include in the labelling all the flowrate and
composition).
Perform DOF analysis.
Calculate the flowrate and composition of the outlet stream (vent gas
and effluent liquid).

SMS2011
+ 3

Q2 TEST 1 13/14 - I
In petroleum refining, crude oil is separated into several different
mixtures of hydrocarbons. In one refining facility, 1000 kmol/h light
alkanes consist of 10 mol% methane (M), 30 mol% ethane (E), 15 mol
% propane (P), 30 mol% butane (B) and 15 mol% isopentane (I) is
processed to produce five different product stream. The separation is
done in a series of distillation columns as shown in Figure 2.

 Draw and completely label a process flowchart

 Perform DOF analysis on each unit process and overall sytem.
 Calculate all the unkwons stream and their composition is possible.

SMS2011
 4
1 0 0 $k m o / h $
$
$$$$$$$$$$M $
0 . 5 % $E $

M i x $1 $ S e p $3 $
M $ M $
E$ E$
P$ P$
$$$$$$M $
$$$$$$E $
1 0 0 0 $k m o l / h $ 4 0 $k m o l $P / h $ S e p $4 $ 2 % $P $
$ S e p $1 $ M $
1 0 % $M $ E$
3 0 % $E $ P$ 1 % $E $
1 5 % $P $ $$$$$$P $
3 0 % $B $
1 5 % $I $ S e p $2 $ 3 0 0 $k m o l / h $
P$ $
B$ P$
I$ B$
S e p $5 $
P$
B$ $
I$ 2 % $B $
$$$$$$$I $

Figure 2: Separation of light alkanes into several alkanes fraction

SMS2011
+ 5

Q1 TEST 2 13/14-I
Product C is produced by catalytic reaction between reactants A and B. However, undesired
reaction also occurred between reactants A and B to produce products D and E. The reaction
equation is given below:
 
2A+ B 2C
A + 3B2D + 2E
 
A fresh stream combined with recycle stream to produce 100 moles of feed to the reactor that
contains 3 moles of A per mole of B. The single-pass conversion of A is 20%, and for every
100 moles of A consumed in the reactor, 80 moles of C emerge in the reactor products. Then,
a multiple-unit process is used to separate the products. A and B are recycled back to the
reactor, C is sold as a product, and D and E are discarded.
 
Draw and label a complete flowchart for this process. Perform a degree of freedom analysis
on reactor. 
Determine the amount of products emerge from the reactor. 
Calculate the required fresh feed for this process.
If we want to increase the production of product C to 50 mol C, how much fresh feed need to
be supplied?

SMS2011
+ 6

Q2 TEST 2 13/14-I
A 5.15 g sample of gas containing only carbon and hydrogen has a
volume of 785 ml with a pressure of 1522 torr at a temperature of 28˚C.
It is combusted in pure dry oxygen and the products are collected. They
are cooled to a temperature of -21˚C and the ice is removed and has a
mass of 5.15 g. The remaining gas has a pressure of 744 torr and a
volume of 7.76 L.

What is the empirical formula

Write a balance equation for this reaction including states of matter.

One day while Superman (also known as the Man of Steel) was called
into action, he tried to blow up a tanker owned by an enemy using laser-
sparks generated by his eyes upon realizing that the surrounding air
contains mixture of fuel and pure O2. However his effort came to
nothing. In your own words, explain any possible causes.

SMS2011
+ 7

Q1 Test 1 11/12-II
 100 kg mixture of component A, B, C and D was separated into three
process streams using a separator. First stream contains equal fraction
of component A and B. Meanwhile, second stream contains 0.1 wt.%
components C with the balance is component D. The total mass of
second stream is doubled of first stream. Third stream contains all
components with the following composition: 0.3% A, 0.4% B, 0.2%
C and 0.1% D. The ratio of component A in first stream to the
component A in the third stream is equal to 3.

 Draw and label the process flow chart completely.

 Perform degree of freedom analysis on the unit process.
 Solve all unknowns variable in the process flow chart.

SMS2011
+ 8

Q2 Test 1 11/12-II
Single evaporator was initially used for concentrating 9700 kg brine water of 20
wt.% NaCl to a final NaCl concentration of 97 wt.%. Pure water was removed in
this operation. However, due to the large amount of water has to be removed,
which required very large area of evaporator, multiple evaporator system has been
proposed to perform this operation. In multiple evaporator system, the maximum
water can be removed in each evaporator is 3000 kg.
 
 Calculate the amount of water need to be removed for this operation. Use a
proper calculation using mass balance procedure.
  
 Suggest the minimum number of evaporator need for designing a multiple
evaporator system.
 
 If equal amount of water is removed from each evaporator in the multiple
evaporator system, determine:
 The outlet composition of brine water from the first evaporator.
 The feed composition of brine water in the last evaporator.

SMS2011
+ 9

Q1 TEST 2 11/12-II
The following reaction was carried out in a continuous reactor.

A + 2B  2C

200 mol s-1 of feed solution consist of component A and B was fed into
the reactor. The product stream from the reactor was analyzed to
contain 55 mole% of C, 15 mole% of B and the rest is component A.

 Draw and label a complete flowchart of the process. Analyze the

degree-of-freedom for the system and solve for unknowns variables.
 Calculate the fractional conversion of limiting reactant.
 Determine the percentage of excess reactant.

SMS2011
+ 10

Q2 TEST 2 11/12-II
20 Liter (STP)/min of nitrogen gas is bubbled through a liquid mixture
that contains equimolar amount of benzene and toluene as shown in
Figure 1. The system pressure is 4 atm and the temperature is 70°C. The
gas leaving the bubbler is saturated with benzene and toluene vapors.

 Calculate the molar flow rate of nitrogen fed to the bubbler.

 Determine the moles fraction of benzene and toluene vapor leaves from
the bubbler.
 Estimate the initial molar flow rate of benzene and toluene leaves the
bubbler.

n 2 (mol / min) at 70 oC, 4 atm

yN2 (mol N2/mol)
20 L(STP)/min xB [mol B(l)/mol] yB [mol B(v)/mol]
n 1 (mol N 2 /min) xT [mol T(l)/mol] yT [mol T(v)/mol]

Figure 1: Nitrogen gas bubbled into benzene-toluene solution

SMS2011