CHANGES AROUND US

SCIENCE - CLASS-VI
 Introduction
In our day to day life we observe many changes around us.
Everything in universe undergoes a change.
For example :
A sudden change in weather,
flowering of plants,
melting of ice,
ripening of fruits,
milk changing into curd,
rusting of iron,
germination of seeds,
 drying of clothes.etc are the common changes that occur
in day to day life.
What is a Change?
Any difference in the size or shape of an object is referred
to as a change.
Changes are either reversible or irreversible.
 Changes Around Us
Change can take place in many different ways. There can be a
change in size, colour, position, structure, volume,
temperature, state etc.

Changes
Around Us

Change in
Change in Change in Change in
Shape Change in
Position Size state
eg: folding colour
eg: A ball eg: A plant eg: butter
clothes, eg: iron
moves when grows into a melts on
cutting fruits catches rust
hit by a bat. tree. heating
etc.
 Some
common
changes

Physical
Slow & fast
&Chemical changes
changes

Reversible & Periodic &

Non-
Irreversible periodic
changes changes
 Slow Changes

Changes which take place at a slow pace but long time to occur.
For instance, a boy becoming a man is an example of this as it
happens over the years.
Ripening of fruits etc.
 Fast Changes
•As the name suggests, these changes occur sooner but for a short
period of time. For instance, a batter turning into pudding. It will
take hardly a few minutes for a liquid batter to turn into a pudding.
•Bursting of a balloon etc.
 Reversible and Irreversible Changes
•What are Reversible and Irreversible Changes?
Speaking in terms of chemistry, a change can be explained on
physical grounds. Changes are very random or uncertain
phenomena. Changes can be for the good or worse, depending on
your view.
As we mentioned above, melting of ice, cooking of food are all
changes that happen around us. In some cases, we find that the
original substance can be recovered back, while in some other
changes, you can never go back to obtaining the original substance.
 Reversible Changes

The changes that can be reversed or are a temporary conversion are

called reversible changes. In a reversible change an object can be
recovered in its original form.
Examples:
i) Water can be changed into ice by placing it in the freezing
chamber of the fridge. The ice so formed can be converted back
into water by placing the ice outside the fridge.

ii) A piece of steel can be converted into a magnet by rubbing it

with a powerful magnet. The magnet so formed can be converted
back into steel by hammering it or heating it strongly.
 Irreversible Changes
As compared to reversible changes, irreversible changes are permanent changes.
In such changes, substance cannot be obtained back in its original form..
Examples:
i) When a paper is burnt, it changes into ash and smoke. Ash and smoke
cannot be converted back into paper. Thus, the change is irreversible.

ii) A candle on burning, forms carbon dioxide gas and water vapour. These
products cannot be converted back into candle .

iii) Curdling of milk.

iv) Cooking of food.

v) Ageing of human beings , animals and plants are irreversible changes.

 Physical Change
When matter changes its observable
properties, we can say it has undergone a
physical change

Physical change is a type of change where the

physical properties of matter change. A change
of state of matter, change in colour, odour,
solubility, etc. all are examples of physical
change.
 Examples of Physical Change
A common example of physical change is the
conversion of states of water. Ice, water, and steam
are the three physical states of water. But all the three
forms contain H2O.

 Other examples are whipping egg albumin,

crushing of tomato, breaking of a bar magnet, etc.
Examples of Physical Change

Crumpling

Cutting

Bending

Grinding
 A chemical change can be defined as a chemical
reaction in which one or more substances undergo
changes to form new substances or a new structure .
Examples of Chemical Change
 Difference between Physical and Chemical Changes

Physical Change Chemical Change

Change in physical and

Change in physical property
chemical property

Reversible process Irreversible process

Energy is neither absorbed Energy is either absorbed or

nor evolved evolved

No new product formation The new product is formed

 Changes Due To Heat
When the temperature increases, the particle of a substance
expands or becomes loose. When this happens, the material is
said to undergo expansion
.
•When the temperature decreases, the particles of substance
contracts or becomes tight. When this happens, the material is
said to undergo contraction
.
•The amount of expansion or contraction varies in solids, liquids
and gases.
 Changes Due To Heat

•There are physical changes that take place when a substance or

material moves from one state of matter to another.

•Water is a classic example as it can exist as either solid, liquid or

gas.

•Water at very low temperatures exists as a solid known as ice. On

applying heat or increasing the temperature, the ice ‘melts’ to form
water. The physical change when a solid changes to liquid is
called melting.

•If we keep increasing the temperature, the water now starts to boil until
it fully becomes water vapour. The physical change when a liquid
changes to gas is called evaporation.
•Water at very low temperatures exists as a solid known as ice.
On applying heat or increasing the temperature, the ice ‘melts’ to
form water. The physical change when a solid changes to liquid is
called melting.
 Change In state
•If we keep increasing the temperature, the water now
starts to boil until it fully becomes water vapour. The
physical change when a liquid changes to gas is
called evaporation.
Processes such as physical changes- changing state
 Periodic Changes
•Changes which repeat themselves are a called periodic changes. Day
and night, phases of the moon, beating of heart, clock striking again
an hour are the examples of periodic changes.
 Non-periodic Changes:
•Changes which do not occur regular intervals of time are called non-
periodic changes. For example eruption of volcanoes, earthquakes,
forest fire etc., are non-periodic changes.