CHAPTER 5

LESSON 1:
GLOBAL NETWORKS: GLOBALIZATION
 INTRODUCTION
The 21st century world has made
globalization mark powerfully the
borderlessness
Globalization has provided easy
access to information.
 MAIN IDEAS:
• Globalization has components,
operations, effects, and networks.
• There are advantages and
disadvantages of globalization.
Examples
Trade
Immigration
Travel
Communication
Transportation
Knowledge
Media & Entertainment
Culture
Law
Environment
Human Rights
THE REVOLUTIONARY GLOBAL
IZATION
Christopherson, Garretsen, and Martin (2008) said
that one of the contested aspects of globalization
concerns its geographies and especially whether
globalization is rendering significance of location and
place redundant and irrelevant.
 Several writers have argued that globalization - especially as
driven by revolution in information and communications
technology ICT - marks the "end of geography" (O'Brien 1992),
the onset of the "death of distance" (Cairncross 1997), the
emergence of the "borderless world" (Ohmae1995) of "de-
territorialization" or "supre-territorialization" (Scholte 2000),
and the "vanishing of distance" (Reich 2001).
The most provocative - certainly the most colorful - of these
claims is Thomas Friedman's recent pronouncement that as a
sequence of globalization, "the world is flat" (Friedman 2006).
He contends that the ICT revolution, the deregulation of markets
by states, and increasing economic integration have contributed
to a marked time space compression of economic processes. The
alleged result is that there is no longer any "friction of distance"
in economic relationships.
 TERMS TO DEFINE:
• Globalization - the development of an
increasingly integrated global economy
marked especially by free trade, free flow of
capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign
labor markets.
• Networks - a group or system of
interconnected people or things.
• Deglobalization - the process of diminishing
interdependence and integration between
certain units around the world, typically
nations - states.
Eleven Pillars of the
Alternative
1. Production for the domestic market must again become the
center of gravity of the economy rather than production for
export markets.
2. The principle of subsidiarity should be enshrined in
economic life by encouraging production of goods at the
level of the community and at the national level if this can
be done at reasonable cost in order to preserve community.
3. Trade policy - that is, quotas and tarrifs - should be used to
protect the local economy from destruction by corporate
subsidized commodities with artificial low pricess.
4. Industrial policy - including subsidies, tarrifs, and trade -
should be used to revitalize and strengthen the
manufacturing sector.
5. Long - postponed measures of equitable income
redistribution and land redistribution can create a
vibrant internal market that would serve as the
anchor of economy and produce local financial
resources for investment.
6. Deemphasizing growth, emphasizing upgrading
the quality of life, and maximizing equity will
reduce environmental equilibrium.
7. The development and diffusion of
environmentally congenial technology in both
agriculture and industry should be courage.
8. Strategic economic decisions cannot be left to
the market or to technocrats.
9. Civil society must constantly monitor and supervise
the private sector and the state, a process that should
be institutionalized.
10. The property complex should be transformed into
ah "mixed economy" that includes community
cooperatives, private interprises, and state interprises,
and exclude transitional corporations.
11. Centralized global institutions like IMF and the
World Bank should be replaced with regional
institutins built not on free trade and capital mobility
but on principles of cooperation that, to use the words
of Hugo Chavez in describing the Bolivarian Alternative
for the Americas (ALBA) , "transcend the logic of
capitalism "
THE END 💋