Salivary gland

infections

Rabina panta
1701938
Salivary glands
There are three paired major salivary glands:
Parotid- Largest of the major salivary
01 glands. Two lobes divided by facial nerve.

Submandibular- deep to mylohoid,

02 superfacial to hyoglossus

03 Sublingual- Smallest of the major

salivary glands
 Salivary gland
infections
Inflammation of salivary gland is sialadenitis. It can be viral,
bacterial and fungal. Parotid glands are more conmonly
infected while accessory salivary glands are rarely infected.
More common in adults.
• Viral- Mumps (Common)
• Bacterial-
1. Acute parotitis
2. Chronic parotitis
3. Recurrent parotitis
4. Submandibular sialadenitis
5. Tuberculosis
6. Actinomycosis
 Factors in salivary gland infections
Initiation and progression of salivary gland infections depend upon the
virulence of the causative organism and the host resistance.
Oral micro-organisms
Infective agent: Bacteria, Virus,
Fungi
Reduced salivary flow
Drugs- Antihistamines,Opiates,
irradiation, Sjogren's syndrome,
Dehydration
Abnormal gland architecture
Sialoths(Stones)
Strictures
Sialectasis
 Mumps virus
• Mumps is acute contagious non suppurative inflammation on one or both
salivary glands
• Acute viral infection of childhood
• Mild childhood disease with serious complications in adults
• Humans are only the natural hosts
• 1/3 of infections are asymptomatic
Etiology
• Mumps virus is caused by an RNA
virus Rubulavirus
paramyxoviridae which also
includes the parainfluenza viruses.
 Pathogenesis
• Acquired via respiratory route by saliva and respiratory
secretions; fomites
• Replicate in respiratory epithelium
• Viremia spread virus to salivary gland
• Virus is present in saliva 2 days before and 9 days after
salivary gland swelling
• Infect kidney, viruria may persist two weeks
• After entry into rhe least and initial multiplication in the
cells of the respiratory tract, virus is bloodborne to many
tissues among which the salivary and other glands are the
most susceptible.
•
Clinical
Incubation period- 2-4 Weeks (14-21 days peak at 17-18
days) manifestation
• 30-40% of infections are subclinical
• In children, porodromal manifestations are rare but may be
manifest by fever, muscular pain esp. neck, headache,
malaise, etc.
• Painful swelling of parotid glands (50%) unilateral or
bilateral
• Earache on the side of parotid involvement
• Aseptic meningitis (15%)
• Meningoencephalitis(0.3%)
• Unilateral deafness (5/100,000)
• Orchitis(20-30% of males affected)- Painful swelling,
Rarely sterility
 Diagnosis
• Virus isolation
1. Saliva, CFS, urine within few days of illness
2. Monkey kidney cells
• Serology
1. 4x rise in antibodies in paired serum
2. IgM detection ELISA
Treatment
Management
 Reference
• https://www healthline.com
• https://www.webmd.com
• https://www.medicalnewstoday.com
• https://www.aafp.org
THANK YOU