J2ee

Architecture
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• The expectation for instant gratification was ratcheted up a notch with the
growth of the Internet.

• Many IT departments used a two-tier, client/server.

• Two-tier architecture depends heavily on keeping client software updated.

• Web-based multi-tier systems don’t require client software to be upgraded

whenever presentation and functionality of an application are changed.

• Java programming language is used to build software for this new multi-tier
architecture.

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• A group of technologies that provide one or more services to
its clients.

• A component is part of a tier that consists of a collection of

classes or a program that performs a function to provide the
service.

• A container is software that manages a component and

provides a component with system services.
o A container handles resource management, security, threading, and
other system-level services

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 Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE)
Multi-Tier Architecture
• J2EE is a four-tier architecture

• The Web Tier provides Internet functionality to a J2EE

application.

• Components that operate on the Web Tier use HTTP to receive

requests from and send responses to clients.

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 .Cont
• There are two types of components that work on the Web Tier.
These are servlets and JavaServer Pages (JSP).

• The Enterprise JavaBeans Tier automatically handles

concurrency issues that assure multiple clients have
simultaneous access to the same object.

• EIS tier contains data base management system(DBMS) that

manages database issues(create, insert,update,………).

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 Servlets

• Classes on the servrer side that dynamically process requests and

construct responses
o Dynamically generate html pages in response to requests

• A servlet stays in memory, so it doesn’t have to be reloaded

each time

• There is only one instance handling multiple requests, not a

separate instance for every request.

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 GlassFish
• GlassFish is a very popular server

•It’s best to think of GlassFish as a “servlet container”.

• GassFish is:
o Efficient
o Secure
o Up to date with current standards
o Open source
o Free

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 Ports
• A port is a connection between a server and a client
o Ports are identified by positive integers
o A port is a software notion, not a hardware notion, so there may be
very many of them
• A service is associated with a specific port
o Typical port numbers:
• 21—FTP, File Transfer Protocol
• 22—SSH, Secure Shell
• 25—SMTP, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
• 53—DNS, Domain Name Service
• 80—HTTP, Hypertext Transfer Protocol These are the ports
• 8080—HTTP (used for testing HTTP) Glassfish of most interest to us
• 7648, 7649—CU-SeeMe
• 27960—Quake III

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 Writing a Servlet
• Create a servletclass
o extend HttpServlet
• Implement the doGet() or doPost() method
o Both methods accept two parameters
 HttpServletRequest
 HttpServletResponse
o Obtain parameters from HttpServletRequest Interface using
 getParameter(String name)
o Obtain the writer from the response object
o Process input data and generate output (in html form) and
write to the writer
o Close the writer

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 Response from server to client
• Everything sent via the Web has a “MIME type”

• The first thing we must do with response is set the MIME

type of our reply: response.setContentType("text/html");
o This tells the client to interpret the page as HTML

• Because we will be outputting character data, we need a

PrintWriter, handily provided for us by the getWriter
method of response:
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

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 Getting the parameters
• Using reguest object in doGet method

• Reguest. getParameterNames()
 Returns an Enumeration of the parameter names
• Reguest. getParameter(String name)
 Returns the value of the parameter name as a String
• Reguest. getParameterValues(name)
 Returns an array of values of the parameter name

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Servletclass (at the server side)

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Index.html

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 JDBC

• JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity, which is a

standard Java API for database independent connectivity
between the Java programming language, and a wide range of
databases.

• The JDBC provides several tasks:

o Making a connection to a database.
o Creating SQL or MySQL statements.
o Executing SQL or MySQL queries in the database.
o Viewing & Modifying the resulting records.

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 JDBC Architecture
• JDBC API: This provides the application-to-JDBC Manager
connection.

• JDBC Driver API: This supports the JDBC Manager-to-

Driver Connection.

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 MySQL

• MySQL is a popular Open Source relational database

management system (RDBMS) commonly used in web
applications
due to its:

o speed
o flexibility
o reliability.

• MySQL employs Structured Query Language, for accessing

and processing data contained in databases.
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 Basic Steps in Using JDBC

1. Load the driver

2. Define the Connection URL
3. Establish the Connection
4. Create a Statement object
5. Execute a query
6. Process the results
7. Close the connection

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 JDBC Step 1: Load the Driver
try {
Class.forName ("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
Class.forName ("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
System.out.println("Error loading driver: " + cnfe);
}

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JDBC Step 2: Define the Connection URL
Examples:

String host = "dbhost.yourcompany.com";

String dbName = "someName";
int port = 3306;
String mySqlUrl = "jdbc:mysql://" + host + ":" + port +
"/" + dbName;

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 JDBC Step 3: Establish the Connection
• Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection
(mySqlUrl, username,password);

JDBC Step 4: Make a Statement

• Statement statement =connection.createStatement();

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 JDBC Step 5: Execute a Query

String query = "SELECT col1, col2, col3 FROM sometable";

ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery (query);

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 JDBC Step 6: Process the Result
• resultSet.next()
o Goes to the next row. Returns false if no next row.

• resultSet.getString("columnName")
o Returns value of column with designated name in current
row, as a String. Also getInt, getDouble, etc.

JDBC Step 7: Close the Connection

• connection.close();

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 .Start your MySQL server
• MySQL server is running on port 3306 (whereas the GlassFish
is running on port 8080).

o cd \”path to mysql”\bin
o mysqld --console

• Start a MySQL client.

o mysql -u root -p

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 The software used
Version Software

8.2 NetBeans IDE(including

ClassFish)
8 Java Development Kit (JDK)

5.7.21 MySQL database server

5.1.45 mysql-connector-java

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 Download mysql
• Download MySQL ZIP ARCHIVE from
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/:
A. Choose "General Available (GA) Releases" tab.

B. Under "MySQL Community Server 5.7.xx" ⇒ In "Select

Platform", choose "Microsoft Windows".

C. Under "Other Downloads", download "Windows (x86, 64-bit),

ZIP ARCHIVE (mysql-5.7.xx-winx64.zip)" or "Windows (x86,
32-bit), ZIP ARCHIVE (mysql-5.7.xx-win32.zip)".

D. There is NO need to "Login" or "Sign up" - Just click "No

thanks, just start my downloads!".

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 Download mysql connectors

• Download the "latest" MySQL JDBC driver from

http://dev.mysql.com/downloads ⇒ "MySQL Connectors" ⇒
"Connector/J" ⇒ Connector/J 5.1.{xx} ⇒ select "Platform
Independent" ⇒ ZIP Archive (e.g., "mysql-connector-java-5.1.
{xx}.zip", where {xx} is the latest release number) ⇒ "No thanks,
just start my download".

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