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HOME WHAT IS HIP HOP?
• Definition: the stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rap; also :  rap
together with this music
• Hip hop is a subculture and art movement developed by African-
Americans[1] and Latinos[2] from the South Bronx in New York City during the late
1970s.
• It is a culture and a way of life: the set of values, conventions, or social practices
associated with a particular field, activity, or societal characteristic

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History of Hip Hop: 1970’s
• Birth of Hip-Hop
• On August 11, 1973 DJ Kool Herc, a building
resident, was entertaining at his sister’s back-to-
school party, and tried something new on the
turntable:
• He extended an instrumental beat (breaking or
scratching) to let people dance longer (break
dancing) and began MC’ing (rapping) during the
extended breakdancing.

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HOME
History of Hip Hop: 1970’s
•  DJ Kool Herc, a Jamaican, who introduced the rhythms from Salsa
(music), as well as Afro conga and bongo drums, as well as many who
emulated the sounds of Tito Puente and Willie Colón.
• These youths mixed these influences with existing musical styles
associated with African Americans prior to the 1970s,
from jazz to funk.

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History of Hip-Hop: 1970’s
• A member of Grandmaster Flash and the Furious
Five, has been credited with coining the term[25] in
1978 while teasing a friend who had just joined the
US Army by scat singing the made-up words
"hip/hop/hip/hop" in a way that mimicked the
rhythmic cadence of marching soldiers. Cowboy
later worked the "hip hop" cadence into his stage
performance.[26][27] The group frequently performed
with disco artists who would refer to this new type
of music by calling them "hip hoppers". The name
was originally meant as a sign of disrespect, but
soon came to identify this new music and culture.
• The song "Rapper's Delight", by The Sugarhill Gang,
Last released in 1979, begins with the phrase "I said a Next
hip, hop the hippie the hippie to the hip hip hop,
and you don't stop"
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HOME Who are the pioneers of Hip-Hop?
• African Bambaataa and the Zulu Nation
• Dj Kool Herc
• Grand Master Flash and the Furious Five
• Fab 5 Freddy
• Sugarhill Gang
• Jazzy Jay
• Kurtis Blow
• Cool Crush Brothers
• Melle Mel
• Jam Master Jay
Last • Boogie Down Productions Next
• Run DMC
• Funkmaster Flex
HOME History of Hip-Hop: 1980’s
• Hip hop as a culture was further defined in 1982
• Encompassing graffiti art, MCing/rapping, DJing and b-boying, hip hop
became the dominant cultural movement of the minority-populated
urban communities in the 1980s.
• During the 1980s, hip hop also embraced the creation of rhythm by
using the human body, via the vocal percussion technique
of beatboxing.
• Pioneers such as Doug E. Fresh,[58] Biz Markie and Buffy from the Fat
Boys made beats, rhythm, and musical sounds using their mouth, lips,
Last tongue, voice, and other body parts. "Human Beatbox" artists would Next
also sing or imitate turntablism scratching or other instrument
sounds.
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History of Hip Hop: 1980’S
• The appearance of music videos changed entertainment: they often
glorified urban neighborhoods.
• Novelty and fad dances such as the Roger Rabbit, the Cabbage Patch,
and the Worm appeared in the 1980s.
• These dances are defined as social dance: Social dance is that
category of dances that have a social function and context.[1] Social
dances are generally intended for participation rather
than performance and can be led and followed with relative ease.[2] 
• They are often danced merely to socialize and for entertainment,
though they may have ceremonial, competitive and erotic functions.
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HOME Flavor Flav

Born William Jonathan Drayton Jr. in

Roosevelt, Long Island, New York, on
March 16, 1959, Flavor Flav is an
American hip-hop artist known for
his work with Public Enemy—also
including Chuck D, Norman Rogers
(Terminator X) and Richard Griffin
(Professor Griff)—and for his work
on several reality-television series,
including The Surreal Life, Strange
Last Love and Flavor of Love, airing on Next
VH1.
HOME West Coast Hip Hop
• The West Coast hip-hop scene started in earnest in 1978 with the
founding of Unique Entertainment.
• In the same period, the Compton-based former locking dancer Alonzo
Williams formed World Class Wreckin' Cru, which included
future N.W.A members Dr. Dre and DJ Yella.
• In 1988, N.W.A's landmark album Straight Outta Compton was
released.[3] Focusing on life and adversities in Compton, California, a
notoriously rough area which had gained a reputation for gang
violence, it was released by group member Eazy-E's record
label Ruthless Records.
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HOME Dr. Dre
• Gangsta rap pioneer Dr. Dre was born
on February 18, 1965. A music fan from
the start, Dre started working as a DJ in
his teens. His first major success came
with the rap group N.W.A. and he later
co-founded Death Row Records in
1991. In 1992, his first solo album The
Chronic became a huge hit. Dre started
up Aftermath Entertainment in 1996
and signed Eminem and 50 Cent to his
label. He eventually co-founded the
company Beats Electronics with Jimmy
Iovine.
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HOME Southern Hip Hop
• Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the American hip hop music market was primarily dominated
by artists from the East Coast and West Coast. 
• Los Angeles and New York City were the two main cities where hip hop was receiving widespread
attention.
• Houston became the center for Southern hip hop. Miami also played a major role in the rise of  2
Live Crew 
• In the late 1980s, other rising rap groups such as UGK from Port Arthur, Texas, and 8Ball &
MJG from Memphis, moved to Houston to further their musical careers.
• By the 1990s, Atlanta had become a controlling city in southern hip hop music. Hip hop groups
such as OutKast.
• By the early to mid-2000s, artists from all over the South had begun to develop mainstream
popularity with artists like T.I., Ludacris, Lil Jon, Young Jeezy from Atlanta, Trick Daddy and Rick
Ross from Miami, Lil Wayne and Juvenile from New Orleans, and Three 6 Mafia from Memphis all
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becoming major label stars during this time.
HOME History of Hip Hop: 1990’s
• Hip-hop social dancing (party dancing) began when hip-hop musical
artists started to release songs with an accompanying dance.
• Most social dances are short-lived fad dances, some are line dances,
and others spawn new dance styles that stay relevant even after the
life of the songs they came from come to an end.
• The development of hip-hop social dancing extends further back than
the 1990s with the Charleston, a jazz dance.
• Parallel with the evolution of hip-hop music, hip-hop social dancing
emerged from breaking and the funk styles into different forms.
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History of Hip Hop: 1990’s
• Dances from the 1990s such as:
• the Running Man
• the Worm
• the Cabbage Patch
• The Hammer dance
• The Ree’bok
• The Kid n’ Play
• The Butterfly
• The sprinkler
• Voguing
• Macerena
• The smurf
Last • Tootsie Roll Next
• They entered the mainstream and became fad dances.
HOME
Tupac Shakur

Born in New York City in 1971,

Tupac Shakur, known by his stage
name 2Pac, was an American
rapper. Shakur has sold more than
75 million albums worldwide,
making him one of the best-selling
music artists in the world. Most of
Tupac's songs are about growing
up amid violence and hardship in
ghettos, racism, other social
problems and conflicts with other
rappers during the East Coast-
Last West Coast hip hop rivalry. Shakur Next
was shot and killed in Las Vegas,
Nevada, in 1996.
HOME
Sean Puffy Combs (P Diddy)

Born in Harlem, New York, on

November 4, 1969, Sean Combs
launched his music production
company, Bad Boy Entertainment,
in 1993, and worked with artists
like Mariah Carey, Mary J. Blige
and Biggie Smalls. After Biggie was
murdered in 1997, Combs
recorded the tribute "I'll be
Missing You," which topped the
Billboard singles chart for eleven
Last weeks and launched Combs's first Next
album, No Way Out (1997) to
platinum status.
 History of Hip Hop: 2000’s
HOME
According to the U.S. Department of State, hip hop is "now the center
of a mega music and fashion industry around the world" that crosses
social barriers and cuts across racial lines.
In the early- to-mid 1980s, there was no established hip hop music
industry, as exists in the 2010s
The push toward materialism and market success by contemporary
rappers such as Rick Ross, Lil Wayne and Jay Z has irked older hip hop
fans and artists.
The commercialization of the genre stripped it of its earlier political
nature and the politics and marketing plans of major record labels have
forced rappers to craft their music and images to appeal to white,
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affluent and suburban audiences.
HOME
Lil Wayne
• Born on September 27, 1982, in New
Orleans, Louisiana, Lil Wayne worked
with hip-hop group the Hot Boys
before forging a solo career with
albums Tha Carter and its hit follow
ups II, III and IV. He won four Grammy
Awards in 2009 for singles like "A
Milli" and "Lollipop," and has worked
with artists ranging from Robin Thicke
to Nicki Minaj. He was jailed in 2010
for weapon's possession.

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HOME
The components of Hip-Hop
•  DJ Afrika Bambaataa of the hip hop collective Zulu
Nation outlined the pillars of hip hop culture, coining
the terms: "rapping" (also called MCing or emceeing),
a rhythmic vocal rhyming style
(orality); DJing (and turntablism), which is making
music with record players and DJ mixers (aural/sound
and music creation); b-boying/b-
girling/breakdancing (movement/dance); and graffiti
art, which he called "aerosol writin'" (visual art).
beatboxing, a percussive vocal style
• Once hip-hop activist and DJ, Afrika Bambaataa, used
the word "hip-hop" in a magazine interview in 1982,
"hip-hop dance" became an umbrella term
encompassing all of these styles. [17] 
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 The Pillars of Hip-Hop
HOME

• There are four pillars of Hip Hop:

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HOME 1. MC’ing/Emceeing: Rapping
• Dj Kool Herc created the blueprint for hip hop
music and culture by building upon the Jamaican
tradition of impromptu toasting, a spoken type of
boastful poetry and speech over music.
• Emceeing is the rhythmic spoken delivery
of rhymes and wordplay, delivered at first without
accompaniment and later done over a beat.
• This spoken style was influenced by the African
American style of "capping", a performance
where men tried to outdo each other in originality
of their language and tried to gain the favor of the
Last listeners.[ Next
HOME 1. Famous Hip-Hop Songs
• Sugarhill Gang- “Rapper’s Delight”
• Kurtis Blow- “The Breaks”
• Afrika Bambaataa and the Soulsonic Force-
“Planet Rock”
• Grandmaster Flash- “The Message”

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HOME 2. What is Hip Hop dance?
• Hip-hop dance is not a studio-derived style.
• Street dancers developed it in urban neighborhoods
without a formal process.
• All of the early substyles and social dances were
brought about through a combination of events
including inspiration from:
• James Brown,
• DJ Kool Herc's invention of the break beat,
• the formation of dance crews,
Last • Don Cornelius' creation of the television show Soul Train. Next
HOME 2. What is Hip-Hop dance?
• Hip-hop dance refers to street dance styles
primarily performed to hip-hop music or that
have evolved as part of hip-hop culture. It
includes a wide range of styles
primarily breaking, locking, and popping which
were created in the 1970s and made popular
by dance crews in the United States.
• The four traditional dances of hip hop are
breaking, b-boying/b-girling, locking and
popping, all of which trace their origins to the
Last late 1960s or early 1970s. Next
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2. Breaking
• Breaking was created in the South Bronx, New York
City during the early 1970s.[3] It is the first hip-hop
dance style.
• African Americans created breaking,[27][28] Puerto
Ricans maintained its growth and development
when it was considered a fad in the late 1970s.
• Traditionally, breakers dance within a cypher or
an Apache Line. A cypher is a circular shaped dance
space formed by spectators that breakers use to
perform or battle in.[12][32] 
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HOME
2. B-Boys and B-Girls
• Cyphers work well for one-on-one b-boy or b-girl
(break-boy/break-girl) battles
• However, Apache Lines are more appropriate
when the battle is between two crews—teams of
street dancers.
• In contrast to the circular shape of a cypher, competing
crews can face each other in this line formation

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HOME
2. Locking
• Locking, originally called Campbellocking,
was created in 1969 in Los Angeles,
California by Don "Campbellock"
Campbell and popularized by his crew The
Lockers.[
• Locking looks similar to popping, and the
two are frequently confused by the casual
observer. In locking, dancers hold their
positions longer. The lock is the primary
move used in locking.
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HOME 2. Locking Cont.
• It is "similar to a freeze or a sudden
pause."[44] A locker's dancing is
characterized by frequently locking in
place and after a brief freeze moving
again.[14] 
• According to Dance Spirit magazine, a
dancer cannot perform both locking and
popping simultaneously
• Thus, it is incorrect to call locking
"pop-locking"
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HOME
2. Popping
• Popping was created in Fresno, California in
the 1970s and popularized by Samuel
"Boogaloo Sam" Solomon and his crew
the Electric Boogaloos.[14] 
• It is based on the technique of quickly
contracting and relaxing muscles to cause a
jerk in a dancer's body, referred to as
a pop or a hit. 
• While popping as an umbrella term is widely
used by hip-hop dancers and in competitive
hip-hop dancing, Timothy "Popin' Pete"
Last Solomon of the Electric Boogaloos disagrees Next
with the use of the word "popping" in this
way.
HOME 3. DJ’ing
DJing and turntablism are the techniques of
manipulating sounds and creating music and
beats using two or more phonograph
turntables (or other sound sources, such as
tapes, CDs or digital audio files) and a DJ
mixer that is plugged into a PA system.

One of the first few hip hop DJs was Kool DJ

Herc, who created hip hop in the 1970s through
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the isolation and extending of "breaks“
HOME 3. DJ’ing
• Traditionally, a DJ will use two turntables simultaneously and mix between
the two. These are connected to a DJ mixer, an amplifier, speakers, and
various electronic music equipment such as a microphone and effects units.

• The result of mixing two records is a unique sound created by the seemingly
combined sound of two separate songs into one song.

• In the early years of hip hop, the DJs were the stars, as they created new
music and beats with their record players.

• While DJing and turntablism continue to be used in hip hop music in the
2010s, the star role has increasingly been taken by MCs since the late 1970s,
due to innovative, creative MCs such as Kurtis Blow and Melle
Last Mel of Grandmaster Flash's crew, the Furious Five, who developed strong Next
rapping skills. 
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4. Graffiti: Street Art
• Definition: they are writing or drawings that have
been scribbled, scratched, or painted illicitly on a wall
or other surface, often within public view.
• Graffiti is the most controversial of hip hop's
elements, as a number of the most notable graffiti
pioneers say that they do not consider graffiti to be
an element of hip hop.
• In America in the late 1960s, graffiti was used as a
form of expression by political activists. Gangs such
as used graffiti to mark territory. 
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HOME
3. Graffiti: Street Art
• One of the most common forms of graffiti is tagging, or the
act of stylizing your unique name or logo.[107] 
• Tagging began in Philadelphia and New York City and has
expanded worldwide.
• Although, tagging is considered as vandalism by law
enforcement, it is hip hop's visual art and the tags are part of
a complex symbol system with its own social codes and
subculture rules.
• The relationship between graffiti and hip hop culture arises
both from early graffiti artists engaging in other aspects of
hip hop culture,[110] Graffiti is understood as a visual
Last expression of rap music, just as breaking is viewed as a Next
physical expression.