Lesson 3: Operation on

Function..
 Learning Outcome(s):At the end of the lesson.the learner is able to perform
addition,subtraction,multiplication,division, composition of function, and solve problems
involving functions.

Lesson Outline:
1.Review:operation on algebraic expression
2.Adittion,subtraction,multiplication,and division of function
3.Function composition
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Addition and Subtraction:
(a) Find the least common denominator (LSD) of both fractions.
(b) Rewrite the fractions as equivalent fractions with the same LCD
   The LCD is the denominator of the resulting fraction.
(c)
(d) The sum or difference of the numerators is the numerator of the resulting fraction.

Example 1.Find the sum of and

Sulotion. The LCD of the two frantions is 15.

+ + =

Emaple 2. Find the sum of and

  Sulotion. The LCD of the two fractions is (x – 3) ( x – 5) or
 + +

Multiplication:
(a) Rewrite the numerator and deniminator in terms of its prime factors.
 (b) Common factor in the numerator and denominator can be simplified as “1” (this is
often called “cancelling”)
(c) Multiply the numeritator together to get the new numerator.
(d) Multiply the denominators together to get new denominator.
  Example 3. Find the product of and Use cancellation of factors when convenient.

Solution.Express the numerators and denomirators of the two fractions into their prime
factors. Multiply anf cancel out common factors in the numerators and the denimirators to
reduce the final answer to lowest terms.
 .

Example 4. Find the product of and

  
Solution. Express the numirators and denomirators of the two rational expressions into
their prime factors. Multiply and cancel out common factors in the numerator and the
denomirator to reduce the final answer to lowest terms Note the similarity in the process
between this example and the previous one on fractios


=
 =
  
Division:
To divide two fractions or rational expressions, mulptiply the dividend with the reciprocal
of the divisor
Example 5.Divid by


 =
 =
 =
 Definition. Let f ang g be functions.
 1. Their sum.denoted by f + g, is the fuction denoted by (f +g )(x)=f(x) +g (x)
 2. Their difference,denoted by f -9 is the function denoted by (f – g) (x)=f (x)- g(x)
 3.Their product,denoted by f/g. is the function denoted by (f/g)
(x)=f(x)/g(x),excluding the values of x where g(x)=0.
 4. Their quotient,denoted by f/g , is the function denoted by (f/g)(x)=f(x)/g(x) ,
excluding the values of x where g (x)=0.

  Use the following function below for Example 5.

 . F(x)=x +3
 . p(x)=2x-7
 . v(x)=
 . g(x)=
 . h(x)=
 . t(x)=
 Example 5. Determine the following functions.
 (a) (v + g) (x)
 (b) (f p) (x)
 (c) (f + p)(x)
 (d)(p – f)(x)
 (e)(v/g)(x)
  Solution.
 (a) (v + g)(x) = (
 =
 (b) (f p)(x)=(x+3)(2x – 7) = 2
 (c) (f+h)(x) = (x + 3) + =(x + 3) . +
 =
 (d) (p – f)(x)=(2x -7) – (x + 3)= 2x – 7 – x – 3 = x – 10
 (e) () (x) =( + 5x + 4) ÷ (
  Use the following function for Examples 6-12
 . f(x) = 2x + 1
 .q(x) =
 .r(x) =
 Example 6. Express the function f1(x) =
 Solution.
The solution can involve some trial and error. Add q(x) and f(x) and check if the sum is
  q(x) + f(x) = (
 Thus f1(x) = q(x) + f(x).
 Example 7. Express the function f2(x)
 Solution.
Again, the soluiton ca involve trial and error. Check if q(x) – f(x) gives
q(x) – f(x) = (
Thus f2(x)=q(x)-f(x)
Ezample 8.Express the function f3(x)=
 ❑
  ❑

  Solution.
Because has (x-1)as a denominator, then r(x) = must be one of the functions in our solution.
Let us try to add f(x) and r(x):
f(x)+r(x)=2x+1 = =
= = = f3(x)
Example 9. Write down the answers from the previous items in the rotation denoted in the
definitions.
  
Solution
(a) f1(x)=q(x)+f(x)=(q+f)(x)
 (b)f2 (x)=q(x)-f(x)=(q-f)(x)
 (c)f3(x)=f(x)+r(x)=(f+r)(x)
 Example 10. Express the function g1(x)=2-3as a product orquotient of the given functions.
Solution.
Since. 2-3+2x+2 is cubic, then it is possibly the product of f(x) and q(x)
f(x). q(x)=(2x+1)(
=(2x-43+2x=g3(x)
thus,g3(x)=f(x).q(x)
  Example 11. Express the function g2(x) = x-1 as a product or quotient of the given functions.
 Solution.
The function r(x)= involves x-1 the goal is to “get grid” of 2x + 1. This can be done by
dividing f(x) by r(x):
 =(2x+1)÷(2x+1..(x-1)=x-1=g2(x)
Thus,g2(x)=f(x)/r(x).
 Example12. Express the function g3(x)=.The goal is to “get rid” of 2x +1.This can be done
by diliviring r(x) by f(x)=2x+1.
  ===g3(x)
 Thus,g3(x)=r(x)/f(x).
 Definition.Let f and g be functions. The composite function denoted by (f g) is defined by
(f g)(x) the process of obtaining a composite function is called function composition
For examples 13 to 16, use the following functions:
f(x)=2x+1 g(x)= p(x)=
q(x)= f(x)=+1.
 Example 13. Find anf simplify (g f)(x)
  Solution.
 (g f)(x)=g(f(x))===
 Example 14.Find and simplify (q f) (x)
Solution.
 (q f))(x) = q(f(x))= f(x)-2(x)+2=(2x+1)-2(2x+1)+2
=(4+4x+1)-(4x+2)+2=4+1.
 Example 15. Find and simplify (f p)(X)
Solution.
  
Example 15. Find the simplify (f p)(x).
Solution.
 (f p)(x)=f(p(x))=2p(x)+1=2
=
Example 16. Find and simplify (f p)(5)
solution.
Solved Examples
 1. Let f(x)=3-1, and h(x)=f(x)+g(x)find
  (a) (f-g)(x)
 (b) f(-1) g(2)h(0)
 (c)
 (d)h(x-1)
 (e)f(3)+g(2)
 Solution.
 (a)(f-g)(x)=(3
 (b)f(-1) g(2) h(0)
  =)-2(-1)--
 =4 3 (--2)=-24
 (c)===
 (d)h(x-1)=3(x-1)-2(x-1)-1+(x-1)
 = 3(-2x+)-2x+2-1+(
 (e)f(3)+g(2)=+
=(27-6-1)=20+3=23
 2. Let f(x)=2x-15,g(x)=+19x+90,h(x)= Find:
(a) (g f)(x)
(b) (h g)(-4)
(c) f(f(f(f((15))))
  Solution.
 (a)(g f)(x)=(2x-15)+19(2x-15+90
=4
 (b) (f g) (-4)=h((-4)+19(-4)+90=h(16-76+90)=h(30)=
 = =6
 (c)f(f(f(f(15))))=f(f(f(15)))=f(15))=15
 3. Express the following functions as the sum,difference,quotient,or product of f(x)=3
 (a) t(x)=-2
  (b) u(x)=8
 (c) v(x)=2x-2
 (d) w(x)=
 Solution.
 (a) t(x)=-2
 (b) u(x)=8
 =2=2(f+g)(x)+2g(x)
   v(x)=2x-2=(3-3)-(3 -2x-1)=3(
(c)
= 3g(x)-f(x)
 (d) w(x)= = =
 4. Suppose that N(x) = x denotes the number of shirts sold by a shop, and the selling price
per shirt is given by p(x) =250 – 5x for 0 < x < 20. Find (N . P) (x) and describe what is
represent.
 5. A spherical ballon is being inflated.. Let r(x)= 3t cm represent its radius at time t
seconds, and let g(r) = be the volume of the same ballon if its radius is r. Write (g r) in
terms of t, and describe what it represent.
  
Solution. (g r) = g(r(t)) = = 36π . This function represent the volume of the ballon at time
t second
 Lesson 3 Supplementary Exercises
 1. Let f and g be defined as f(x) = x – 5 and g(x) = -1. find
 (a) f+g
 (b) f-g
 (c) f.g
 (d) f/g)
 (e) g/f
   Let f and g be defined as in the prevous example. Express the following function as the
2.
sum,difference.quotient, or product of f and g.
 (a) P(x) = - x – 4
 (b) Q(x) = - + 2x – 9
 (c) R(x) =
 (d) S(x) =
 (e) T(x) =
  3. Let f(x)= -1and g(x) = find
 (a) (fog)(x)
 (b) (gof)(-1)
 (c) (fof)(x)
 (d) (gog)(5)
 4. Given the following, find f)(x).
 (a) (f + g)(x)= 2 -5x + 6,g(x)=
 (b) (f g)(x) = + 16 + 256,g(x) = +4x +16
 (c) (fog)(x) = (3x-2),g(x)=3x-2
 (d) (gpf)(x) =18x 25.g(x) =6x-7
 5. Suppose that N(x) = x denotes the number of bags sold by a shop, and the selling price
per bag is given by p(x) =320 – 8x, for 0 < x < 10. Suppose further that the cost of
producing x bags is given by C(x) = 200x. Find (a) (N p)(x) and (b) N p –C)(x). What do
these functions present?
 6. Let x represent the regular price of a book.
 (a) Give a function f that represent the price of book if a P100 price reduction applies.
 (b) Give a function g that represent the price of the book if a 10% discount applies
 (c) Compute (f g)(x) and (g f)(x). Describe what these mean. Which of these give a better
deal for the customer?
 LESSON 4: Representing Real-Life Situations Using Rational Functions
 Learning Outcomes(s):At the end of the lesson. The learner is able to represent real-life
situation rational functions.
 Lesson Outline:
 1.Review: Polynoial functions
 2. Rational functions and real-life situations
_______________________________________________________________
  Recall the definition of a polynomial function.
 Definition. A polynomial funcyion p of degree n is a function that can be written in the
form
 Where…………. And n is a positive intiger. Each addend of the sum is a term of the
polynomial function. The leading term is …. And the constant term is.
 Definition: A rational function is a funcyion of the form f(x) = where p(x) and q(x) are
polynomial fumction and q(x) is not zero function (i.e., q(x) 0). The domain of f(x) is the
set of all values of x where q(x) 0.
  
Example 1. An object is to travel a distance of 10 meters. Express velocity v as a function
of travel time t, in seconds.
 Solution. The following table of values show v for various of t.
t (seconds) 1 2 4 5 10
\ v (meters 10 5 2.5 2 1
per second)

the function v(t) = can represent v as a function of t.

  
Example 2. suppose that c(t) = (in mg/mL) represent the concentration of a drug in a
patient’s bloodstream t hours after drug was administered. Construct a table of values for
c(t) for t = 1, 2, 5, 10. Round pff answer to three decimal places. Use the table to sketch a
graph interpret the results.
 Solution.

t 0 1 2 5 10
c(t) 0 2.5 3 0.962 0.495


The graph indicates that the maximum drug concentration occurs around 1 hour after drug
was administered (calculus can be used to determine the exact value at which the
maximum occurs).after 1 hour the graph suggest that drug concentration decreases until it
is almost zero.
  Solved Examples
 1. In an organ pipe the frequency f of vibration of air is inversely proportional to the
length L of the pipe. Suppose that the frequency of vibration in a 10-foot pipe is 54
vibration per second. Express f as a function of L.
 Solution.
 Since f is inversely proportional to L, then f= where k is the constant of proportionality.
 If L = 10 then f = 54. Thus, 54 = k = 540. Thus, the function .f(L) = represent f as a
function of L.
 2. The distance from Manila to Baguio is around 250 kilometers.
 (a) how long will it take you to get to Baguio if your average speed is 25 kilometers per
hour? 40 kilometers per hour? 50 kilometers per hour?
 (b) Construct a function it takes to drive from Manila to Baguio.
 Solution.
 (a) Distance is calculated as the product of speed and time, So we can get the time by
dividing distance by the speed.
 250 kilometers/ 25 kilometers per hour = 10 hours
 250 kilometers/40 kilometers per hour = 6.25 hours
  250 kilometers/ 50 kilometers per hour = 5hours
 (b) Since time is the quotient of distance and speed, we can write out the function as
t(s) =
 The distance is fixed at 250 kilometers so the final function we have is
t(s) =
 Lesson 4 Suoolementary Exercises
 1. Given the polynomial function p(x) = 12 + 4x -3 -
 (a) The degree of the polynomial
 (b) The leading coefficient
 (c) The constant term
 (d) the number of zeroes
 2. The budget of a university organization is split evenly among its various committees. If
they have a budget of P60,000:
 (a) Construct a function M(n) which would give the amount of money each of the n
number of committees would receive.
 (b) If the organization has eight committees, how much would each committee have?
   A compony has a budget of P90,000 to be split evenly among its various offices.The
3.
marketing office of the company receives twice the amount of money than the other
offices.
(a) Given x as the number of offices in the company, construct a function f(x) which
would give the amount of money each of the non-marketing offices would receive.
 (b) If the company had five offices, how much would the marketing office receive? Hoq
much would each of the non-marketing offices receive?
 4. Let C(t) = be the function that describes the concentration of a certain
 Medication in the bloodstream over the time t.
 (a) What is C(0) Why is that so?
 (b) Construct a table of values for when t is equal to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
(c) Interpret your answer in relation to drug concentration.