Embedded Systems

&
History of PIC
 Embedded…….
 Micro processors and Micro controllers are widely used in E S.

 Controlled by its own Microprocessor / Microcontroller.

 Specific / Specialised code – needed for the ES.

 Eg. Washing Machine. – Just do the washing function.

 General purpose PC – Can do many different variety of works – Brows,

Listen to music, View Video, Word / data processing, Games, ….

 PC itself contains many embedded products in it. – DVD player, keyboard,

printer, modem, sound card, …..

 Each of these embedded system can perform only its task, contains a
microcontroller in all of them.
 Choosing a micro controller….

 Many processors – many manufactures – good in their own area –

Motorola - Freescale, TI, Intel, Philips, Atmel, Zilog, Microchip, ……

 Each of them have a unique instruction set and registers in them.

 8bit, 16bit, 32bit processors.

 Not compatible with each other.

 Program written (Assy / Machine) for one will not run on the others.

 How to choose one?

 Choosing a micro controller….
 Meeting the computational needs.

 Speed

 Cost

 Memory

 Power requirement
 Choosing a micro controller….
 Meeting the computational needs.
 Efficient solution for the problem.
 Word size needed.
 Amount of RAM & ROM needed – available.
 Number of I/O pins.
 Other peripherals available / supported.
 Ease to upgrade.
 Speed.
 Package.
 Power Consumption.
 Less cost (Per unit / bulk supply , lead time,..).
•Availability of H/W and S/W development tools.
• How easy to develop products around it.
• Easiness to use – Assembler, Debugger,
Simulator /
• Emulator.
• Third part software & Support ….
Technical expertise… Institution programs…

•Wide availability and reliable sources.

• Now and in future.
• Eg.: 8051. Everybody manufactures it.
 PIC Family…History….
 Started in 1989 by M/s. Microchip corporation

 10XXX, 12,14,16,17, 18….

 All 8 bit controllers.

 Size of instructions…..

 Biggest supplier of 8 bit processor.

 Lower, Medium and High end processors. See the Web.

PIC 18 Family Features.
 Program ROM
• UV EPROM…

• PIC 18FXXX…..With Flash. Used during the development.

• PIC 18CXXX….OTP. Cheaper than Flash. Finalised design.

• Masked. Send the code to Microchip..Programmed during the

manufacturing process… Cheapest. Minimum order quantity….

• RAM and EEPROM….

• Other Peripherals…

• Comparison between PIC and 8051.