THESIS DEFENSE

Somali National University

Faculty: Education and Social Science
Department: Chemistry and Biology

Name: Maudlin Ali Aibakar

Supervisor: Abdirisak Mukhtar Yusuf

Thesis Project Presentation

 DISSERTATION TITLE
• FACORS INFLUENCING GIRL’S POOR
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN
SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KARAN
DESTRICT, MOGADISHU-SOMALIA
 Thesis out line
 Instruction
 Statement of the problem
 Specific objectives
 Research Questions
 Significance of the study
 Scope of the study
 Conceptual Framework
 Literature Review
 Research Design
 Sampling procedure
 Data collection instrument
 Major findings
 Conclusion
 Recommendations
 Introduction
• Education is the total process of developing
human behavior hence and communicate a
combination of knowledge, skills, attitudes
and understanding value for all the activities of
life.
• Girls academic poor performance is a
challenge in the world the meaning those girls
are given opportunity in learning institutions.
 Introduction
• Hunt, (2008) girl child education showed that
the global enrolment rate (GER) of girls was
83.1%.This has been witnessed in a large
number of developed countries in central Asia,
Europe and Middle East, which have
witnessed very little improvement in girl's
enrolment because they are frequently absent
and lowers their performance.
 Introduction
• In India it was established that 35% were dropout
before completing grade twelve and 60% were very
poor (Birdsall 2005).
• In the case of Africa the percentage of students who
complete their education 51% the low level of
educational attainment is attributed low level of
enrolment, this increasing poor performance of
girls(Birdsall 2005).
In Uganda they consider that girls should be married off
so that their family can escape poverty through price.
 Introduction
The aim of the research are:
 To identify the major challenges and opportunities that girls
secondary school students face in achieving quality school
education in Karan district, Mogadishu-Somalia.
Specific objective of the research are:
 To Determine school based factors influencing girl’s poor
academic performance in Karan district, Mogadishu, Somalia.
 To examine how economic factor influence girls poor
academic performance in Karan district, Mogadishu, Somalia.
 To establish the influence of culture on the academic
performance of girls in secondary school in Karan
district, Mogadishu, Somalia
 Research questions

 What are schools based factors influencing girl’s poor

academic performance in Karan district, Mogadishu,
Somalia.

 How economic factors influence girl’s poor academic

performance in Karan district, Mogadishu, Somalia?

 How does culture influence the academic performance of

girls in Karan district, Mogadishu, Somali?
 Problem statement
• The third millennium development goal is one of the central
goals in achieving gender equality. The goal stresses on
improving gender equality and empowering women as
pathways to making sustainable human development and to
achieving other MDGs. In favor of this, the MDG report (2012)
shows that the progress on this goal in Africa is encouraging.
• Despite efforts to promote gender equality in schools in Africa,
the dropout rate for girls is still high. Reports on the first target
which focuses on eliminating gender disparity in education,
have shown that the ratio of girls to boys enrolled in many
primary schools continues to improve in many African
countries.
 Problem statement
• It has been revealed that girls’ poor academic performance is a
worldwide phenomenon, and that the problem is severe in Somalia.
Factors that range from the educational system, pedagogical,
economic and socio-cultural factors are frequently associated with
the problem of girls’ poor academic performance in Somalia. While
the problem of girls’ poor academic performance is reported to
prevail in Somalia different studies has been conducted to examine
the students’ academic performance on factors such as pregnancies,
teaching and learning materials, dropouts, and libraries.
 Problem statement
• Although some of such studies have addressed on academic
performance, they have not quite paid attention on those
factors with exclusive effect on girls; as opposed to those
factors that affect both boys and girls. Therefore there is
still a knowledge gap.
• This study was more specific as it explored and examined
different factors leading to girls’ poor academic
performance in kaaran district, Mogadishu-Somalia.
 Significance of the research
 The research hopes will be bringing updated knowledge about
girls poor performance in secondary school and will useful for
enhancing educational awareness about poor girls
performance.
 The finding of this study was help education sectors to come
up with new ways to improve women education
 . It will also help educational planners to adequately plan
education systems by considering all recommended strategies
for improving girl’s academic performance.
 Finally, the study forms one of important documents and
references containing useful information and also base for
other researches (prospective) as well as to policy makers and
stakeholders.
 Scope of the study

Contents scope: The study concerns girls poor academic

performance in secondary school in Karan district

Geographical scope: Karan district is one of the 17 districts at

Banadir region and it is located the corner of banadir region,
Bordered by Abdul-Aziz district, Yaqshiid district and Haleiwa
district, And consist of five sector departments’ wajer, jabuti,
nageyle, jamhuriya and fanole.
 Conceptual Frame work
Independent variable Dependent variable

School factor
Teacher’s experience
and commitment
Types of school

Poop academic performance

Economic factor Low grade
Low family income Absenteeism
School fee Drop out
Luck of transportation

cultural factor
 Early marriage
 cultural norm
 Literature Review

For learning to be effective, the responsibility of school administrators

to ensure that the school environment is conducive for learning and
this should be achieved through establishment of clear rules and
policies (Kipngeno & Kyalo, 2009).
most of the countries in Africa, the role of women is engaging in
chores of the house and this traditional need to change because both
genders are provided equal chances in education.
Students poor academic performance can be also be affected by school
based factors like;
 Teaching and learning resource
 School infrastructures or type of school
 Teacher’s experience and commitment.
 Roles of Female Teachers

 One of the factors that affect girls’ academic performance in

community secondary schools is the absence or shortage of female
teachers as role models to girls. Most of community secondary
schools lack female teachers ( Bennaars et al, 1994).

 . Evans (2006) explains that the presence of female teachers as

role models increases girls’ awareness and perception concerning
girls’ education to increase sense of competition and promote
gender equality in education and personality in general.

 If girls have a good interaction with role models, may have an

opportunity of adapting good life manner, which in turn add to
active learning habits like paying attention, polite ways of asking
and answering questions, positive ways of inquiry and responding
to learning stimuli resulting into good academic performance.
 Cultural believes
• Child marriages occur in many developing societies
around the world and prevent females from obtaining an
education.
According to United Nations Population Fund article
“Marrying Too Young end Child Marriage,”
one in three females become married before their eighteenth
birthday in developing countries, excluding China.
• the education of females is greatly hindered because of
child marriage. Females are subject to marriage
especially to men who are twice or three times their age
such as in Yemen.
 Cultural believes

 There are many females in Northern Nigeria with the

same story as Tahini. in Northern Nigeria, child marriage
is the rule. In towns, girls and boys marry at the age of
twelve.
 In Sierra Leone, early marriage is against the law, but it is
still high, with serious implications for girls’ educational
development.
 in this situation Many females are put into this condition
which can cause psychological distress and girls perform
poorly and that is big barrier to the education of females.
 Methodology
The research methodology comprises:
 Research design
 Research population
 Sampling procedure
 Sample size
 Research instruments
 Data analysis procedure
 Research design ,Research population and sampling procedure

Research design
The study used descriptive survey design, the descriptive design enables
me to determine the knowledge, attitudes and feelings of the
participants. This design is considered to be suitable because of its
ability to view comprehensively the major questions raised in the
study
Research population
the population of the study was educated female students,female
teachers, head principal schools and civil society.
Sampling procedure
The sampling procedure is defined as process of selecting a group of
people and this study was employing a purposive sampling methods.
This technique in which the researcher relies his or her own judgment
when choosing members of population to participate in this study.
 Population and sample size
No Category of Respondents Population Compute Sample
size sample size

1 Female students 64 64/100*80 51.2

2 Civil Society 30 30/100*80 24

3 Female Teachers 2 2/100*80 1.6

4 School Principles 4 4/100*80 3.2

5 Total 100% 80
 Research instrument and data analysis procedure

Research instruments
The research instrument was conducted through questionnaire as
the main tool for collecting data. The purpose of questionnaire is
to collect a lot of information over a short period of time, the
time is limited, and information can be easily described in
writing.

Data analysis procedure

 After data was understandably studied, edited and summarized
quantitatively and analyzed in to spss version 20.0
 Cont....
Limitations of the study:

 Lack of security and stability

 Poor internet.
 There is no public library to access books for references
 Some participants fair the research project.
 Language barrier for some participants
 Results
A large number of the respondents, 44(55%) agreed with the statement. This
finding indicates that girls complain about excessive household chore and
their families with daily income do affect girl’s poor academic performance
in secondary school. , as shown the below figure.
The result of question shows that 32(40%) respondents agree with the
idea that parents are more willing to pay school fees for boys than
girls. This brings to the front the deep fixed cultural beliefs that are
more wisely to invest in boys than girls.; they don’t have any
priority about this statement.
the major answer respondents, 37 (46.3%) agree Lack of female
teachers increases poor performance of girls education
In generally Girls feel more confident and can easily approach
female teachers. They also look up to them and try to imitate .
shown the below figure.
 findings
• First objective on economic factors stated that girls
poor performance in secondary school.
• A large number of the respondents 55% agreed with
the statement indicates that the girls complain
excessive house holding chore is a factor that
increases girls’ poor performance from secondary
schools.
• Similarly, number of the respondents 50% agreed
with the statement, school fees do affect girl’s poor
performance in secondary school.
 findings
• Second objective School based factor influencing on
girls poor performance.
• The study found that girls’ poor academic
performance in secondary schools is due to the
absence or shortage of female teachers as role
models for girls , the major answer respondents,
46.3% agree to feel more confident and easily
approach to them. They also look up to them and try
to imitate and lack of school fees is an other
contributors to girls perform poorly from school.
 findings
• On third objective cultural factor influencing on girls poor
performance in secondary school, the study was to establish
the cultural factors influencing girl’s poor performance in
secondary schools such as early marriage increases poor
performance in secondary school. The major answer that
48.8% out of the 80 respondents surveyed agreed with the
statement that early marriage increases the poor performance
of girls in secondary school and contributing to girls perform
poorly from school. In addition, lack of female teachers that
young female students can look up to was another huge factor
that causes girls to perform poorly from school.
 conclusion
 My investigation discovered that Somalia is experiencing
chronic factors influencing girl’s poor academic
performance in secondary School and require concerted and
collective efforts to address.
 The study has identified in the areas of Lack of Library
Services, girls complain about excessive house holding
chores and their family income, inability to pay school fees,
lack of female teachers and early marriage.
 The study also established that girl’s poor performance in
secondary school is still a big problem for the secondary
schools in Karan district Mogadishu, Somalia.
 Recommendations
The government should ensure free and compulsory girls
secondary school education and other basic rights for education.
 Government also should expend quality and quantity education
service throughout the country.
The school administrators should establish way of encouraging
female students and create an atmosphere where teachers can
discuss with their challenges.
As we come to the end of findings and recommendations of the
study, it is important to appreciate the government’s efforts to
introduction of free education in some secondary schools in the
country and eliminate other several challenges.
END