UNIVERSITY OF SOMLAIA(UNISO)

• Name of student: Maryan Ahmed Muhumad

• Id: 3956
• Faculty of health science
• Department: Nutrition
• Course: Organic chemistry
• Presentation: Classification and balancing of chemical reactions
• Senior lecture:
• Date:08/01/2020
 Classification and balancing of chemical
reaction
• Types of chemical reaction are:-
1. Synthesis
2. Decomposition
3. Single replacement
4. Double replacement
5. combustion
Continue....
• Chemical reaction: any change in which a new substance is formed.
• Evidence of a chemical change:
1. Release of energy as heat.
2. Change in colour
3. Change in odour
1. synthesis

• The word synthesis means to put things together to make a whole

• In a synthesis reaction

• Two or more chemical bond together forming one new substance.

• Synthesis is reactions are also known as Formation reaction.

1. synthesis
• Reactant Reactant Product

•A + B AB

• Example
• 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl
2. Decomposition
• The word decomposition means to separate or breakdown into smaller
pieces.
• In a decomposition reaction, one substance breaks down into two or
more products.
• Decomposition reactions are the opposite of synthesis reaction.
• A compounds breaks down into two or more products.
2. Decomposition
• Example
• Water Hydrogen + Oxygen

• 2H2O 2H2 + O2

• NaCl Na + Cl
3. Single replacement
• Single replacement reaction, one element replaces another element in a
compound.
• A compound and an element react, and the element switches places
with part of the original compound.

• Example

• AB + X AX + B
3. Single replacement
• Example
• Zn + Cu ZnCl2 + Cu

• Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
4. Double replacement

• Double replacement reaction, a compound reacts with another

compound to form two new compounds.

• Double replacement reactions have two on both the reactant and

product side of the equation.

• Double replacement reactions swap elements between two compounds

that react together to form new compouds.
4. Double replacement
• Example
• AB + XY AX + BY

• AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3

• K2CrO4 + 2AgNO3 Ag2CrO4 + 2KKNO3

5. Combustion

• Combustion or burning, is a chemical reaction between an organic

compound and oxygen gas.

• The product in a combustion reaction are carbon dioxide and water.

• Combustion reactions occur when a compound or element react with

oxygen to release energy and produce an oxide.
5. Combustion
• The general formula for a combustion reaction is:
• CXHX + O2 CO2 + H2O

• CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

• Methane Oxygen
Balancing of chemical reaction

• The law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction, the

quantity or amount of each element does not change.

• This means that each side of the equation must represent the same
quantity of each element.
Continue....
• Equation example

• The burning of methane gas in oxygen is:

CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O

CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

Continue....
• Example

• Na + O2 Na2O

• 2Na + O2 Na2O
 THE END

• Thank you for your listening