Chapter 9

Chemical Reactions
Chapter 9 Essential Questions
• Key Learning
• The number of atoms and mass are conserved in a
chemical reaction.

• Unit Essential Question

• Why do different chemicals react differently when
put together?
Chapter 9 Word Study Guide
• Word, definition, • Decomposition
reaction
your definition,
• Single-replacement
picture reaction
• Chemical Reaction • Double-replacement
• Reactant reaction
• Product • precipitate
• Coefficient • Spectator ion
• Synthesis reaction • Net ionic equation
• Combustion reaction
 Chapter 9, Chemical Reactions
Read, Answer, Share, pgs. 282-285
• Answer the following
• What is a chemical reaction?
• What are the important indicators of chemical
reactions?
• Draw and label the different parts of a chemical
reaction.
• What is the difference between word equations,
skeleton equations, and chemical equations.
Word Equation – Write the following
skeleton equations for the word equations:
Reactants  Products
• Iron + Oxygen  Iron (II) Oxide
• Hydrogen Peroxide  Water + Oxygen
• Methane + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide +
Hydrogen

USE YOUR PERIODIC TABLE AND

POLYATOMIC IONS SHEETS
Add to your Notes
• Chemical reactions
• Atoms are rearranged to form different substances.
• REMEMBER: Composition MUST change for a
chemical reaction to have occurred!
Indicators of Chemical Reactions
• Temperature Change
• Color change
• Odor
• Gas bubbles
• Precipitate (Solid)
Representing Chemical Reactions
• Reactants are usually written on left
• Products are usually written on Right
• Arrow separates reactants from products
• read: yields, gives, or reacts to produce
• All reactants are separated by plus sign
• All products are separated by a plus sign
• Symbols are used to show physical states of reactants
and products
• (s)=solid, (l)=liquid, (g)=gas, (aq)=aqueous
Skeleton Equation
• Fe + O2  Fe2O3
• Skeleton Equations do not indicate the amounts
of reactants and products.
Chemical Equation
• Chemical equations must show that matter is
conserved during a chemical reaction.
• Al(s) + Br2(l) AlBr3
• What is wrong with this equation???
Classwork
• Pg 284 #’s1-3
Balancing Equations
• Each side of the equation has same number of atoms
• Steps to balancing Equations
1. Determine correct formulas
2. Write skeleton equation
3. Determine the number of atoms of each element in
reactants and products
4. if polyatomic ion is on both sides of the equation, treat as a
single unit
5. Use coefficients to balance
6. Begin balancing elements that appear once on both sides
7. Check to make sure same number of atoms on each side
8. Make sure you have the lowest possible ratio
Examples
• H2 + O2  H2O
• AgNO3 + H2S  Ag2S +HNO3
• Zn(OH)2 + H3PO4  Zn3(PO4)2 + H2O
You Practice
• By yourself
• 1. _____ H2 + _____ O2  _____ H2O
• 2. _____ N2 +_____ H2 _____ NH3
• 3. _____ S8 + _____ O2  _____ SO3
• 4. _____ N2 + _____ O2  _____ N2O
• 5. _____ HgO  _____ Hg + _____ O2
• 6. _____ CO2 + _____ H2O  _____ C6H12O6 + _____ O2
• 7. _____ Zn + _____ HCl  _____ ZnCl2 + _____ H2
Review Check
Write the chemical equation (Balance)
• Dicarbon dihydride + Oxygen  Carbon dioxide + Water
• Potassium oxide + Water  Potassium hydroxide
• Aluminum sulfate + Calcium hydroxideAluminum
hydroxide + Calcium sulfate
Journal
• Explain each symbol used in a chemical
equation.
• Include reactants and products.
• Page 980 Section 9.1 #’s 1-4
Journal – Write the Chemical Equation
1. zinc + hydrochloric acid ===> zinc chloride
+ hydrogen

2. copper(II) carbonate + sulfuric acid ===>

copper(II) sulfate + water + carbon dioxide

3. magnesium oxide + nitric acid ===>

magnesium nitrate + water
Turn in for Lab Grade
• Complete Precipitate Lab
• Identify Mass of precipitate
• If the actual mass should have been .23g,
calculate percent error.
• Explain the possibilities for why the error
occurred and what you could do to make
your results more accurate?
Graded Assignment
• Own sheet of paper
• 1) ____ Na3PO4 + ____ KOH  ____ NaOH + ____ K3PO4
•
• 2) ____ MgF2 + ____ Li2CO3  ____ MgCO3 + ____ LiF
•
• 3) ____ P4 + ____ O2  ____ P2O3
•
• 4) ____ RbNO3 + ____ BeF2  ____ Be(NO3)2 + ____ RbF
•
• 5) ____ AgNO3 + ____ Cu  ____ Cu(NO3)2 + ____ Ag
•
• 6) ____ CF4 + ____ Br2  ____ CBr4 + ____ F2
•
• 7) ____ HCN + ____ CuSO4  ____ H2SO4 + ____ Cu(CN)2
Yes that’s RIGHT…MORE practice
• 8) ____ GaF3 + ____ Cs  ____ CsF + ____ Ga
•
• 9) ____ BaS + ____ PtF2  ____ BaF2 + ____ PtS
•
• 10) ____ N2 + ____ H2  ____ NH3
•
• 11) ____ NaF + ____ Br2  ____ NaBr + ____ F2
•
• 12) ____ Pb(OH)2 + ____ HCl  ____ H2O + ____ PbCl2
•
• 13) ____ AlBr3 + ____ K2SO4  ____ KBr + ____ Al2(SO4)3
•
• 14) ____ CH4 + ____ O2  ____ CO2 + ____ H2O
•
AND even MORE practice!!!!
15)____ Na3PO4 + ____ CaCl2  ____ NaCl + ____ Ca3(PO4)2
•
16)____ K + ____ Cl2  ____ KCl
•
17)____ Al + ____ HCl  ____ H2 + ____ AlCl3
•
18)____ N2 + ____ F2  ____ NF3
•
19)____ SO2 + ____ Li2Se  ____ SSe2 + ____ Li2O
•
20)____ NH3 + ____ H2SO4  ____ (NH4)2SO4
More Practice – Composition Book
• Pg 287 #’s 4-6
• Pg 288 #’s 7-13
Section 9.2 – Identifying Chemical
Reactions
• There are 5 types of Chemical
Reactions
• Combination
• Decomposition
• Single Displacement
• Double Displacement
• Combustion
Combination Reaction
• Also called synthesis
• Two or more substances react to form a
single new substance.
• Can include
• Metal and Nonmetal (only one possible product)
• Two nonmetals (more than one product is
possible)
• Transition metal and nonmetal (more than one
product is possible)
Combination Reaction Example
• Metal and nonmetal
• 2Mg (s) + 02  2MgO (S)
• Two nonmetals
• S (s) + O2 (g)  SO2 (g)
• 2S (s) + 3O2 (g)  2SO3 (g)
• Transition Metal and nonmetal
• Fe (s) + S (s)  FeS (s)
• 2Fe (s) + 3S (s)  FeS3 (s)
Combustion Reaction
• A chemical change in which an element or a
compound reacts with oxygen, often
producing energy in the form of heat and
light.
• Oxygen is always a reactant
• the other is usually a hydrocarbon (contains H
and C)
• Product is usually Carbon dioxide and
Water
Combustion Example
• Combustion Reaction
• C8H18 (l) + 25O2 (g)  16CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
• Also look for heat in the products
Practice Problems –Review with shoulder
partner
• Page 291
• 1’s teach 2’s 14 and 15
• 2’s teach ‘s 16 and 17
Decomposition
• A chemical change in which a single
compound breaks down into two or more
simpler products.
• 1 reactant = 2 or more products
• These reactions require energy like heat,
light, and electricity.
Decomposition Example
• H2O (l)  H2 (g) + O2 (g)
• Electricity is the catalyst
Practice Problems
• Page 292
•2’s teach 1’s
• 18 and 19
•1’s teach 2’s
• 20
 Classwork: (Balance and Identify Reaction)

1) ____NaBr + ____ Ca(OH)2  ___ CaBr2 + ____ NaOH

2)____ NH3+ ____ H2SO4  ____ (NH4)2SO4

3)____ C5H8O + ____ O2  ____ CO2 + ____ H2O

4)____ Pb + ____ H3PO4  ____ H2 + ____ Pb3(PO4)2

5)____ HClO2  ___ H2O + ___ Cl2O3

Single Replacement Reactions
• Metal replaces H or another metal
• Nonmetal can replace nonmetal
• Can identify by noting that both the
reactants and the products consist of an
element and a compound.
• Understand activity series
• Page 293, figure 9.13
Single Replacement Example
• 2K (s) + 2H2O (l)  2KOH (aq) + H2
(g)
• Halogens
• Br2 (aq) + NaI (aq)  NaBr (aq) + I (aq)
Review Practice Problems
• Page 295
• 1’s teach 2’s
• 21 and 22
• 2’s teach 1’s
• 23 and 24
Double Replacement Reactions
• When two ionic compounds mix
• Chemical change involving an exchange of positive ions
between two compounds.
• AKA: Double displacement reactions
• Takes place in aqueous solutions
• Produce precipitate, gas, or molecular compound like
water.
Double Replacement Example
• Na2S (aq) + Cd(NO3)2 (aq)  CdS (s) + 2NaNO3 (aq)
Practice Problems
• Page 297
• 2’s teach 1’s 25 and 26
• 1’s teach 2’s 27 and 28
Practice Problems
• Write the chemical equation and
identify the type of reaction.
• 1’s teach 2’s
• Magnesium chloride (aq) reacts with
potassium carbonate (aq) 
• Br2(l) + LiI(aq) 
Practice Problems
• Write the complete chemical equation
and identify the type of reaction.
• 2’s teach 1’s
• C2H4 (g) + O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(l)
• Al(s) + FeCl3(aq) 
Bellwork: Practice Problems
• Write the complete chemical equation
and identify the type of reaction.
• 1’s teach 2’s
• Molybdenum as a solid reacts with oxygen to
produce Molybdenum (VI) Oxide
• Calcium carbonate solid breaks down to produce
calcium oxide solid and carbon dioxide as a gas
Practice
• Write the complete chemical equation
and identify the type of reaction.
• 2’s teach 1’s
• Bismuth (III) nitrate(aq) reacts with
Sodium sulfide(aq) 
• Copper solid reacts with magnesium
sulfate aqueous 
Complete by Yourself: Write Chemical
Equation and identify the type of reaction
1. Calcium chlorate  Calcium chloride + Oxygen
2. Lithium oxide + Water  Lithium hydroxide
3. Aluminum + Hydrogen chloride 
4. Tricarbon octahydride + Oxygen 
5. Aluminum sulfate + Calcium hydroxide 
Group Rotation
• Instructions
• Go to your numbered table
• You will have 5 min to answer the questions.
• When the timer goes off, you will rotate to the
next table (RIGHT)
• After you have been at each table
• Go to your new group
• Come up with a consensus for each answer
• 1 paper turned in for the group
 Quiz
• Write complete chemical equations for the
following reactions and identify the type of
reaction
1. Tetracarbon hexahydride + Oxygen 
2. Sodium phosphate + calcium chloride 
3. Aluminum Hydroxide + Calcium 
4. Water 
Identify reaction and Balance

1. C4H8 + O2 ---> CO2 + H2O 2. HCl + NaOH ---> H2O + NaCl

3. KNO3(s) ---> KNO2(s) + O2(g) 4. AgNO3 + NaCl ---> NaNO3 + AgCl

5. Mg + O2 ---> MgO 6. Ag + S ---> Ag2S

7. MgCO3(s) ---> MgO(s) + CO2(g) 8. Cl2 + KBr ---> KCl + Br2

Journal
• Complete the following Reactions
• Potassium Iodide and silver nitrate are mixed to produce 
Journal: Identify Reaction and Balance
1) NaOH + KNO3 -->
2) CH4 + O2 -->
3) Fe + NaBr -->
4) CaSO4 + Mg(OH)2 -->
5) Al + O2 -->
6) Na2CO3 --> Na2O + CO2
Bellwork
• Take out a sheet of paper and
something to write with.
• put everything else away.
Reactions in
Aqueous Solution
Section 9.3
Net Ionic Equations
• Many important chemical reactions take place
in water: aka aqueous solution
• AgNO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) AgCl (s) + NaNO3
(aq)
• This does not show that the reactants and at least one product
dissociate into cations and anions when dissolved in water.
• WHAT DOES A NET IONIC EQUATION LOOK LIKE?
Net Ionic Equation
• Can only break apart aqueous compounds.
• All unchanged elements are eliminated.
• Not involved in reaction = Spectator ions
• LEAVING OUT SPECTATOR IONS
RESULTS IN THE NET IONIC EQUATION.
• Charge must be balanced on both sides of the
equation
• If not, use coefficients!
Practice: Net ionic Equations

• NaCl(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  PbCl2(s)+ NaNO3(aq)

• Na2CO3(aq) + FeCl2(aq) FeCO3(s) + NaCl(aq)

• Mg(OH)2(aq) + HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

• K2(C2O4)(aq) + CaCl2(aq)  KCl(aq) + Ca(C2O4)(s)

Bellwork
• Write the net ionic equation for the
following chemical equation.
• Na2SO4 (aq) + Pb(NO3)2 (aq) 
• SO4 compound will be your solid
Predicting the formation of a precipitate
• Whether or not a precipitate forms
depends upon the solubility of new
compounds that form.
• There are 5 Rules for predicting
solubility.
Rule 1
• Salts of Alkali metals and ammonia are
soluble.
• Ammonia (NH3)or Ammonium (NH4+)
• Group 1A metals
• Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Rule 2
• Nitrate Salts and Chlorate Salts are
soluble
• Nitrate = NO3-
• Chlorate = ClO3-
Rule 3
• Sulfate salts are soluble
• SO4-2
• Exceptions
• Pb+2
• Ag+
• Hg2+2
• Ba+2
• Sr+2
• Ca+2
Rule 4
• Chloride and Iodide Salts are soluble
• Cl-
• I-
• Exceptions
• Ag+
• Pb+2
• Hg2+2
Rule 5
• Carbonates, Phosphates, Chromates,
sulfides, and hydroxides are
INSOLUBLE
• CO3-2
• PO4-3
• CrO4-2
• S-2
• OH-
 Practice– Identify the percipitate
• (NH4)3PO4(aq) + Zn(NO3)2(aq)NH4NO3( ) + Zn3(PO4)2( )

• LiOH(aq) + VCl3(aq)  LiCl( ) + V(OH)3( )

• Na2CO3(aq) + HCl(aq)  NaCl( ) + CO2( ) + H2O( )

• Mg(NO3)2(aq) + Na2CrO4(aq)  NaNO3( ) +

MgCrO4( )
With your shoulder partner
• Pg 302
• #’s 35-39
Practice- Write the chemical, ionic, and
net ionic equation
•1. NaCl(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) PbCl2( ) + NaNO3( )

•2. Na2CO3(aq) + FeCl2(aq)  FeCO3( ) + NaCl( )

•3. Mg(OH)2(aq) + HCl(aq)  MgCl2( ) + H2O( )

•4. K3(PO4)(aq) + CaCl2(aq)  KCl( ) + Ca3(PO4)2( )

•5. FeCl3(aq) + Mg(s)  MgCl2( ) + Fe( )

Write the chemical equation and find the states of matter.
Does a reaction occur? If so, identify the compound.

•11. BaBr2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) 

•12. AgNO3(aq) + MgI2(aq) 

•13. (NH4)2CrO4(aq) + Al(ClO4)3(aq) 

•14. KNO3(aq) + NaOH(aq) 

ABC + XY Lab

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www.mrayton.com
Bellwork-Get lab set up
• Complete the following instructtions
• Get apron, gloves, and goggles
• Set up your reaction chart
• Label all pipets
• Discuss your next move with your partner and wait
for further instructions

• DO NOT TOUCH ANY CHEMICALS UNTIL

YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO!
Bellwork-Write Chemical and Net Ionic
Equation
• Lead (II) Nitrate reacts with potassium chromate
to produce?

• Aqueous Zinc (II) Carbonate reacts with aqueous

Phosphoric Acid to produce?
Chapter 9 Assessment (Test
Wednesday)
• Page 312-313
• 62-68, 73,75, 80, 81, 84, 97, 99
Bellwork
• Identify the type of chemical reaction and
balance
• Hf + N2  Hf3N4
• Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2
• C2H6 + O2  CO2 + H2O
• Pb(NO3)2 + NaI  PbI2 + NaNO3
• Fe + O2 Fe3O4
Chapter 9 Study Guide
1. Define the Following Terms 2. Where do chemical reactions
• Product take place?
• Reactant 3. Know the following symbols
• Chemical Equation 2. ∆
• Balanced Equation 3. (g), (l), (aq), (s)
• Skeleton Equation 4. What is a catalyst?
• Activity Series of metals 5. Balancing Chemical Equations
• Single-replacement 6. Identify the 5 types of
• Combustion chemical reactions
• Decomposition 7. Know how to write a skeleton
• Double-replacement equation given a word
• Combination/Synthesis equation
8. Writing net ionic equations
(spectator ions)
1. Predicting precipitates
Practice-Complete reaction and identify
the type of reaction
• Lithium Sulfate and Calcium nitrate are mixed to produce 

• C6H6(l) + O2(g) 

• Cl2(g) + NaBr(s) 

• Calcium carbonate (s)  Calcium Oxide (s) + Carbon Dioxide (g)

Practice- Write the chemical, ionic, net
ionic equation, and finding states of matter

6. (NH4)3PO4(aq) + Zn(NO3)2(aq) 

7. LiOH(aq) + VCl3(aq) 

8. Na2CO3(aq) + HCl(aq)  NaCl( ) + CO2( ) + H2O( )

9. Mg(NO3)2(aq) + Na2CrO4(aq) 

10. Zr(OH)4(s)+ HNO3(aq)  Zr(NO3)4( ) + H2O( )

Prepare for Test
• ALL BACKPACKS UP FRONT
• ALL CELLPHONES OFF AND IN
BACKPACK
• YOU NEED:
•A PIECE OF PAPER
•PENCIL
Review
• Review last night’s homework with
your shoulder partner
Journal
• Complete and balance each type of reaction
• For the double replacement reactions, complete the ionic and net
ionic equations.
• Al + SnCl2 -->
• Ca + H2O -->
• Cl2 + NaBr -->
• Pb + HCl -->
• Zn + KCl -->
• Pb(NO3)2 + K2CrO4 -->
• ZnCO3 + H3PO4 -->
• Ca(OH)2 + HC2H3O2 -->
• FeCl3 + NaOH -->
• FeSO4 + (NH4)2S -->
Unknown Lab – Identify the unknowns and give
an explanation to how you solved this task.
Chemistry 1
• Complete Lab
• Class Discussion on Lab Write up
• State the Problem (purpose)
• Gather information
• What is a chemical reaction?
• What type of reaction are we dealing with? How do you know?
• What is a precipitate? What is the precipitate in this lab?
• Form a hypothesis
• Define:
• Experiment
• Write down materials and procedures (list)
• Collect and Analyze
• In a table organize the following
• Average mass of filter paper
• Mass of precipitate and filter paper
• Mass of precipitate
• Percent error
• In this section also include qualitative information
Lab Continue
• Draw Conclusion
• Summarize what you did
• Restate purpose of the experiment
• What do you think led to your error?
• Give at least two reasons.