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Class :- ‘X’ b
Balancing chemical equations
2
Balancing chemical equations
Step 3 :- Make an element inventory.
• This reaction is usually exothermic because when the bond forms between the elements, heat is
released. Combination reaction has two or more reactants and one product formed by it. When a
combination reaction occurs between a metal and a non-metal the product is an ionic solid. An example
could be Lithium + Sulphur →Lithium Sulphide
A+B=C
• A combination reaction can be of three types:
Type Example
• Decomposition chemical reactions are generally classified into three main types, which are
catalytic, electrolytic, or thermal. In catalytic reactions, an agent is introduced to cause a
chemical reaction. For example, hydrogen peroxide readily degrades into water and oxygen in
the presence of manganese dioxide. An electrolytic decomposition reaction is achieved by
exposing an aqueous solution or molten compound to an electrical current. Thermal
decomposition occurs when a compound is affected by direct heat or radiation.
C = A+ B
Examples :-
let us take an example in which we will mix the solutions of sodium chloride
and silver nitrate will precipitate out white silver chloride. nitrate ions and
chloride ions have been exchanged in this reaction.
AB + CD --> AC + BD
Examples :-
• AgNO3+naCl----->AgCl+NaNO3
• Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2KCl(aq) -> PbCl2 (s) +2KNO3(s)
• NaCl + KBr -> NaBr + KCl
• Lead Nitrate and Potassium Iodide
• Sodium Chloride and Silver Nitrate
Oxidation and Reduction - Redox Reaction
• An oxidation-reduction reaction (redox reaction) is a reaction in
which electrons are transferred between species or in which atoms
change oxidation numbers. Oxidation is the portion of the redox
reaction in which there is a loss of electrons by a species or an increase
in the oxidation number of an atom. Reduction is the part of a reaction
in which there is a gain of electrons by a species or a decrease in the
oxidation number of an atom. Something that is oxidized loses electrons
or contains an atom that increases in oxidation number. Something that
is reduced gains electrons or has an atom that decreases in oxidation
number. An oxidizing agent is a something that oxidizes something,
meaning that the oxidation agent is itself reduced. A reducing agent is a
something that reduces something else, and is itself oxidized.
Corrosion
• Corrosion is the disintegration of an engineered material into its constituent atoms
due to chemical reactions with its surroundings. In the most common use of the word,
this means electrochemical oxidation of metals in reaction with an oxidant such as
oxygen. Formation of an oxide of iron due to oxidation of the iron atoms in solid solution
is a well-known example of electrochemical corrosion, commonly known as rusting. This
type of damage typically produces oxide(s) and/or salt(s) of the original metal. Corrosion
can also refer to other materials than metals, such as ceramics or polymers, although in
this context, the term degradation is more common.
• While most any food can technically become rancid, this term applies
particularly to oils. Oils can be especially susceptible to rancidity because their
chemistry can make them exceptionally susceptible to oxygen damage. When
food scientists talk about rancidity, they are often talking about a specific type
of rancidity involving oxygen damage to foods, and this type of rancidity is
called "oxidative rancidity." During the process of oxidative rancidity, oxygen
molecules interact with the structure of the oil and damage its natural
structure in a way that can change its odour, its taste, and its safety for
consumption.
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