AVTC Model Based Design

Curriculum Development
Project
Lesson 1: System Development
 Outline
• Electric drives
• Introduction to Power Electronics
• Rectifiers
• Inverters
• Simulink Models
• Simscape Models
• Failure Modes
 Electric Drives
• What is an Electric Drive?
– Conditions power to motor, responds to driver request and provides
feedback loop from motor to controller logic
• Monitors characteristics of the electric motor such as temperature,
torque, speed and angular position

Source: www.uqm.com
 Electric Drive
•• Why
  is it needed?
– To provide appropriate voltage and frequency for desired speed
– In order to change speed we need a variable frequency 3-φ source
• , where is synchronous speed and is electrical frequency

Electric Drive Electric Motor

3-φ output voltage

DC input voltage
Source: www.uqm.com
 Block Diagram of the Drive
• Basic functionality of the drive

Input Inverter
Electric Motor
Electric Drive

Controller
Introduction to Power Electronic Devices
Four Quadrant Operation
of Electric Drive

http://acdcdrives.blogspot.com/

Illustrated by: Shrikanthv

 2-Step and 3-Step Waveform

2-Step Waveform 0
t

3-Step Waveform 0
t
 5- Step Waveform

0
t
Three-Step 3-φ Waveform

Phase A

0
t

Phase B

0
t

Phase C
0
t
 Comparison Between
Different Waveforms
Signal
System Total Harmonic
Waveform Transitions
per Period Description Distortion

2 2-level square 45%

wave

3-level square
4 wave >24%

5-level square
8 >7%
wave
 Regeneration
• When the motor is operated as a generator, the power is fed
back to the batteries through rectifiers
 Basic Principle of Rectifiers
• It  converts alternating current (AC), which periodically
reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only
one direction

1-φ AC
 Simulink Model of Basic Rectifiers
Half-wave rectifier:

Full-wave rectifier:
 3-φ Full-Wave Rectifier
• The output response of a 3-φ full-wave rectifier is shown
below:
 Inverter
• The DC power from the batteries is converted to AC power by
Inverters to supply 3-φ motor

i
 Basic Principle of Inverters

• It converts DC voltage to AC voltages

• We will demonstrate:
– DC to 1-φ AC
– DC to 3-φ AC
Direct Current Alternating Current
Inverter

• There are different types of conversion techniques among

them Space Vector Modulation is prominent
 Basic Principle of
Space Vector Modulation
• The principle of space vector modulation is based on the
application as shown below in the hexagon
• As the transistors in the basic 3-φ inverter are switched on and
off, six possible active switching vectors V1 through V6 are
actualized

Source: http://electrotech4u.blogspot.com/2011/07/implementation-of-space-vector.html
 Space Vector Timing Diagram
• The timing sequence and the resulting switching
waveform for Symmetric Sequence SVM in sector 1 is
shown below

Source: http://electrotech4u.blogspot.com/2011/07/implementation-of-space-vector.html
2- Step Inverter
3-Step Inverter
5- Step Inverter
3-Step 3-φ Inverter
Simscape Model of 3-φ Inverter
Simscape Response of
3-φ Inverter
 Specifications Used with
Simscape Models
AC Motor Drive
Stator Resistance: 1.48 mΩ
Rotor Resistance: 9.29 mΩ
Inductance: 0.303 mH
Moment of Inertia: 10 kg-m2
Friction Coefficient: 0.08 N-m-s
DC Motor Drive
Armature:
• Resistance: 56 mΩ
• Inductance: 0.15 mH
Field:
• Resistance: 150 Ω
• Inductance: 113 H
• DC Source: 150 V
Moment of Inertia: 10 kg-m2
Friction Coefficient: 0.272 N-m-s
Smoothing Inductance: 0.5 mH
 Simscape Model of
Two Quadrant DC Motor Drive
Speed and Torque Response of Two
Quadrant DC Motor Drive
 Simscape Model of
Induction Motor Drive
Speed and Torque Response of
AC Motor Drive
 Failure Modes – DFMEA
Potential S O Current Design Current Design D
Line Function of Potential Effects of E Potential C Controls Controls E RPN
No: Part Failure Mode Cause
Failure V C Prevention Detection T
Inverter: Uncontrolled Loss of Inverter None CAN
Motor must Motor torque electronic messages /
operate with behavior malfunction Motor RPM
1 8 2 2 32
in specified monitoring
RPM/Torque
ranges
Inverter: Inverter over Inverter Temp sensor Proper hose/ Detect pump
Inverter pack temperature unable to malfunction fitting selector/ impeller
must operate supply / coolant respond to speed /
within motor leak/ increase in monitor and
2 specified with 7 inverter 7 temp. before verify temp/ 2 98
temperature adequate malfunction undesirable monitor
range power operation inverter
happens temperature
 Test and Review
•  
1. What is the function of an Inverter?
1. Converts AC to DC
2. Converts AC to AC
3. Converts DC to DC
4. Converts DC to AC
2. What is the acronym MOSFET?
a. Metal Oxide Semi-inductor Field Effect Transistor
b. Metal Organized Semiconductor Field Efficient Transistor
c. Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
3. What is the relation between , where is synchronous speed and is frequency.
a. Directly proportional
b. Inversely proportional
c. Not related
 References
• “A Guide to Electric Drives and DC Motor Control, Published by Ohio
Electric Motors,” http://www.ohioelectricmotors.com/a-guide-to-electric-
drives-and-dc-motor-control-688#ixzz2t4v60h6B, Aug. 2011.
• Boglietti, G. Griva, Pastorelli, M., Profumo, F., and Adam, T., “Different
PWM Modulation Techniques Indexes Performance Evaluation,” IEEE
Technical Paper, 0-7803-1227-9, 1993.
• Hughes, Austin, and Bill Drury, “Electric Motors and Drives: Fundamentals,
Types and Applications,” Oxford: Newnes, 978-0-08-098332-5, 73-111,
113-140 2013.
• Kumar, R. R., Kumar, S., and Yadav, A., “Comparison of PWM Techniques
and Inverter Performance,” IOSR-JEEE, ISSN: 2278-1676, Volume 4, Issue
1, PP 18-22, Jan. - Feb. 2013.
• “Motor Drive & Control,”
http://www.ti.com/lsds/ti/apps/motor/brushless_dc/overview.page,
2014.