IS 328

1. GIS Data Collection

 GIS Data Collection
Data collection is time consuming and expensive GIS
undertaking
Data collection is a process referred to the sources and
information we gather, aimed at specific parameters, in
order to insert them in GIS
The process involves data capture, data sampling and data
transfer
It is widely known that GIS is a very useful tool, it can be
combined with almost every field of study and place
information on the map so that to draw conclusions
effortlessly
 GIS Data Sources
GIS contains and integrates data from various sources
Sources can be categorised as Primary and Secondary
data sources
Primary GIS data are those collected specifically for
use in GIS by direct measurement while,
Secondary GIS data are those data (digital and analog)
collected for other purpose not related to GIS and
derived from other sources and need to be converted into
a suitable digital format for use in a GIS project
 GIS Software
Data Collection Techniques
Raster Vector
Primary Digital remote GPS measurements
sensing images
Digital aerial Survey
photographs measurements
Secondary Scanned maps Topographic
surveys
DEMs from maps Toponymy datasets
from atlases
 Primary Raster data capture
1.Remote sensing is a technique used to derive information about
the physical, chemical, and biological properties of objects
without direct physical contact
Information is derived from measurements of the amount of
electromagnetic radiation reflected, emitted, or scattered from
objects
Resolution is a key physical characteristic of remote sensing systems
Spatial resolution refers to the size of object that can be resolved
and the most usual measure is the pixel size. Spectral resolution
refers to the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum that are
measured. Temporal resolution, or repeat cycle, describes the
frequency with which images are collected for the same area
 Primary Raster data capture
2. Aerial photography is equally important in medium-
to large-scale projects.
Can provide stereo imagery for the extraction of digital
elevation models
 Primary Vector data capture
1. Ground surveying is based on the principle that the
3-D location of any point can be determined by
measuring angles and distances from other known
points.
Ground survey is a very time-consuming and expensive
activity, but it is still the best way to obtain highly
accurate point locations
2. GNSS technologies (GPS)
 Secondary Raster data capture
1. Scanners:
Documents are scanned to reduce wear and tear,
improve access, provide integrated database storage,
and to index them geographically
Film and paper maps, aerial photographs, and images
are scanned and georeferenced so that they provide
geographic context for other data
Maps, aerial photographs and images are scanned prior
to vectorization
 Secondary Vector data capture
Secondary vector data capture involves digitizing vector
objects from maps and other geographic data sources
1. Heads-up digitizing and vectorization: digitize vector
objects from raster manually straight off a computer screen
using a mouse or digitizing cursor
2. Photogrammetry: Is the science and technology of
making measurements from pictures, aerial photographs,
and images
3. COGO (Coordinate Geometry) data entry:, a
methodology for capturing and representing geographic
data using survey-style bearings and distances to define
each part of an object
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