CASTIGLIANO`S THEROMEM

(IMPLEMENTATION ON TRUSSES)
 Contents
• Castigliano`s Theorem
• Examples
• References
Castigliano`s Formula for Deflection

∆ =∑N (∂N/∂p)L / AE
Examples will demonstrate the
Castigliano`s Theorem
 Example#01
Find out the vertical displacement at point f, the cross section of the
each member is same as 0.5in² and the value of modulus of elasticity
200ksi?
 As we have found the displacement at
the point f so according to the procedure we will
first apply the p at required point.
Now we will calculate the
reactions;
∑Fy = 0; Ay +By –P -10 = 0; Ay = 5 + P By = 5
Ay + By = P + 10
∑Fx = 0; Ax =0;
∑Mb = 0; –Ay (8) +P (8) + 10(4) =0
Now using the above diagram, we calculate the forces of each
member by joint method.

Joint A

∑Fx = 0;
AC + AX =0
AC = 0
AF = - (P + 5)
∑Fy = 0; Ay + AF =0;
 Joint F
Tan θ =1/2; θ = 26.56◦

∑Fx = 0; FE + FC Sin θ = 0;

∑Fy = 0; - P – AF – FCos θ = 0

FE = - 2.499kN
FC = 5.590 kN

Joint E
∑Fx = 0; ED – EF =0;
∑Fy = 0; -10kN – EC = 0;

ED = -2.499kN
EC = -10kN
Joint C

∑Fx = 0;
- AC + CB – FCCos θ + CDCos θ = 0
∑Fy = 0;
-10kN + CDSin θ + 5.590Sin θ=0

CB = 0
CD = 5.591kN

Joint
Tan D
θ = (4/8)

θ=26.56◦
∑Fx = 0; -DE - CDSin θ = 0;
∑Fy = 0; -5.591Cos θ – DB =0;
BD = -5.00
Membe N(Memb ∂N /∂P N (P=0) L N(∂N/∂p
rs er )L
forces)
AC 0 0 0 4ft 0
CB 0 0 0 4ft 0
BD -5.00 0 0 8ft 0
DE -2.499 0 0 4ft 0
EF -2.499 0 0 4ft 0
FA - ( P+5 ) -1 -5 8ft 40
FC 5.590 0 0 8.94ft 0
CD 5.591 0 0 8.94ft 0
EC -10 0 0 8ft 0
∑ N (∂N/∂p) L =40kft
=40*12=480kin
Castigliano`s the for deflection is given by;
∆ =∑N ((∂N/∂p) L/AE
= 480kin / (0.5in²) (200k/in²)
∆ =4.8in
 Example: 2
Find the vertical displacement at the point D using the
Castigliano`s theorem, and the value of cross sectional
area and the modulus of elasticity are 1in² and 29ksi?
Solution:
Now we have to find to the deflection at the point
D so according to the procedure apply P
Now calculate the reaction;
∑Fx = 0; Ax = 0;
∑Fy = 0; Ay +By = P;

∑Mb = 0; -Ay (6) + P (6) = 0;

By= 0 Ay =P
 Joint B

Using these two equation of equilibrium,

we find the two members.,
∑Fx =0; ∑Fy = 0;

BC = 0
AB = 0

Joint C

Tan θ = (4/6)
∑Fx =0; -DC -ACCos θ = 0
∑Fy = 0; -BC –ACSin θ =0;

AC = 0 DC = 0
 Joint A

∑Fy = 0;
Ay +AD
=0
AD =
-P

Membe N(Mem ∂N/∂P N(P=10 L N(∂N/∂

rs ber ) P)L
force)

AB 0 0 0 6ft 0
BC 0 0 0 4ft 0
CD 0 0 0 6ft 0
AD -p -1 -10 4ft 40
AC 0 0 0 7.2ft 0
 ∑ N (∂N/∂P) L =40kft
=4800kin
Castigliano`s Theorem is

∆ =∑N ((∂N/∂p) L/AE

= 480kin/(1in²)(29k/in²)

∆ =16.55in
 Example: 3
Find out the horizontal displacement at the point D,
cross sectional area is 0.2in² and E is 200ksi.
Solution:

We have to find horizontal displacement at D

so apply P at D.And calculate the reactions.
 Cy =35 +P
∑Fx = 0; P – Ax =0
∑Fy =0; AY + CY – 2kN -35 kN = 0 Ay = 2 - P
∑Ma = 0; Cy (6) – 35(6)-P (6) = 0
Ax = P
Joint A: the joint method find out the member forces.
Now using

∑Fx =0; AB – Ax = 0

∑Fy = 0; Ay + AF = 0

AF = P - 2 AB = P
Joint F:
Tan θ= 3 /6
θ = 26.56◦
∑Fx = 0;
FE +BF Sin 26.56 = 0
∑Fy = 0;
-2kN – AF- BFCos 26.56 =0
FE = .499P BF = -1.118P
Joint B:
Tan θ =6 /3
θ= 63.43◦
∑Fx = 0; BC – AB – BFCosθ = 0
∑Fy = 0; BE +BFSinθ = 0

BC = 0.501P BE =0 .499P
Joint D:
∑Fx = 0; P –ED =0
∑Fy = 0; - 35kN –DC =0

ED = P
DC = -35
Joint C:
Tan θ =6/3
θ= 63.43◦
∑Fx = 0;
-BC –CECosθ =0
∑Fy = 0;
Cy +CD + CESinθ =0

CE = -1.050P
Member N(Memb ∂N/∂P N(P =0 ) L N(∂N/∂P)
s er L
forces
AB P 1 0 3ft 0
BC 0.501P 0.501 0 3ft 0
CD -35 0 -35 6ft 0
DE P 1 0 3ft 0
EF 0.499P 0.499 0 3ft 0
FA P-2 1 -2 6ft -12
FB -1.118P -1.118 0 6.7ft 0
EC -1.050P -1.050 0 6.7ft 0
EB 0.999P 0.999 0 6ft 0

∑ N (∂N/∂P) L = -12kft
=-12*12= -144kin
 Now apply castigliano`s Theorem
∆ =∑N ((∂N/∂p) L/AE
= -144kin /(0.2in²)(200k/in²)
∆ = -3.6in
Deflection is in negative so the direction
assumed by
us for P is actually opposite.
 Example: 4
Find the vertical displacement at point F.
A=2in² and E = 200ksi?
Reactions are:

Solution:

∑Fx = 0;
Ax = 0
∑Fy=0;

Ay + By –P – 10 =0
∑Md = 0; Ax = 0
10(3) +9(P) –Ay (12) = 0
Dy = 0.25P + 7.5 Ay = 2.5 +0.75P
Joint A:
Tan θ = (4/3)
θ=53.13◦
∑Fx = 0;
AB +AFCosθ = 0
∑Fy = 0;
Ay+AFSinθ=0

AF = -3.128 - 0.938P AB = 1.876 + 0.562P

Joint F:
Tan θ=(3/4)
Θ = 36.86◦

∑Fx = 0;

FE –AFSin θ = 0
∑Fy = 0;
- AFCos θ – P – FB = 0

FB = 2.502 - 0.25P
FE = - (1.873 +0.561P)
Joint D:
Tan θ = (4/3)
θ = 53.13◦

∑Fx = 0;
DC – DECosθ = 0
∑Fy = 0;
Dy +DESin θ =0

DE = - (0.312P +9.386) DC = 0.187P +5.631

Joint C:

∑Fx = 0;
DC –BC = 0
∑Fy = 0;
CE=0
CE =0
BC = 0.187P +5.631
Joint B:
Tan θ = (4/6)
θ = 33.69◦

∑Fx = 0;
BC +BECos θ –AB =0
∑Fy = 0;
BF +BESin θ = 0
BE = - (4.516 – 0.451P)
M N(member force) ∂N/∂P N(P =5) L N(∂N/∂P)L
e
m
b
e
r
s
A 1.876 +0.562P 0.562 4.686 3ft 7.900
B
B 0.187P+5.631 0.187 6.566 6ft 7.367
C
C 0.187P + 5.631 0.187 6.566 3ft 3.683
D
D -(0.312P +9.386) -0.312 -10.946 5ft 17.075
E
E -(1.873 + 0.561P) -0.561 -4.678 6ft 15.746
F
A -3.128 -0.938P -0.938 -7.818 5ft 36.666
F
B 2.502 -0.25P -0.25 1.252 4ft -1.252
F
C 0 0 0 4ft 0
E
B -(4.516 – 0.451P) -0.451 -2.261 7.21ft 7.352
E
 ∑ N (∂N/∂P) L = 94.537kft
=1134.44kin
Now apply castigliano`s Theorem
∆ =∑N ((∂N/∂p) L/AE
= 1134.44 kin /(2in²)(200k/in²)
∆ =2.836in
 References
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS by R.C. HIBBLER
STRUCTURE ANALYSIS by ALEXANDER
CHAJES
PICTURES FROM RAWALPINDI RAILWAY
STATION